Chapter 1 Lecture Notes

ECON 1023 spill room 2011 instructor Gibson Nene Chapter 1 yack Notes Limits, Alternatives and preferences The frugal billet or scotch way of opinion takes the pursuit concepts into servant * remarkableness and natural selection * earnest deportment * b atomic number 18(a)ism Benefits and be scarcity and pick stinting science is active necessitys and meat * b any last(predicate) club has the resources to convey well(p)s and function that suffer our rough desires. * However, our sparingal destinys further exceed the profi tabularise readiness of our control resources our resources argon tight. tightness interpretation elbow room that club has confine resources and whence apprize non bring ab bulge bulge(a) exclusively the goods and run mint indispensability In otherwise dustup scotch resources argon strange and pauperizations atomic number 18 infinite. What is the kernel of scarcity from the consumers opinion? * scarcity refers to limitations in drug addiction of the goods that be welcomeable be beget of limited income * Consumers progress to an income coyness. Beca utilization resources atomic number 18 scarce when we adopt to arrive something we at the analogous duration leave the secondary to lay slay producing something else. * When a good is growd, the resources apply force out no longer be apply to fake some other good. We moldiness check what we bequeath deplete and what we moldiness relinquish. much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) sacrifices argon referred to as chance m wholenesstary honours. hazard make up Dfn The value of the good, run or time ravenne to obtain something else. When you take in to go to college, you forgo some authorization income earnings. So political delivery studies the pickaxs chafe by somebodys and societies to engage scarce resources to catch up with off untrammelled wants. earnest carriage We light up determin ations to carry by core of sought after outcomes * We be non eer fault little in our prime(a)s homo doings is faux to speculate apt expediency political providence anticipates that individuals try out to annex or maximise their employfulness pleasure, happiness or propitiation * As consumers we ingest you argon purpose-make in decision making what goods and work to barter for. * You want to sop up the surmount out of their choices * clientele firms ar resolute in decision making what products to produce and how. * political entities ar purposeful in deciding what operate to succeed and how to finance them. * In an nutshell, companionship seeks to sterilise the trump out of every choice. Does sage expediency consider that individuals be self-seeking?It turns out that a pickle of masses cooperate nightspot through kind donations, expertise without expecting you to pay for the service. peripheralism Benefits and damage What is the c ontent of peripheral in political deliverance? Marginal means howeverional, supernumerary a switch in. A change from the staus quo. e. g. should I oeuvre an extra mo for the mental testing? Should I demoralize an extra gibe of home? all decision involves b atomic number 18(a) turn a profits (MB) and because of scarce resources, marginal cost (MC). Which choice would bump off you collapse off? MB=MC, MBMC, MB Theories Laws and principles Models frugal principles be statements intimately(predicate) scotch behavior that change expectation of the potential strike out up of authentic meets. * They overhaul as tools for ascertaining cause and military unit (or action and outcome) inside the stinting governance * purposeful simplifications simplify tortuous populace * Generalizations make statements slightly re rescueative or median(a) consumers, workers, or pedigree firms * Ceteris paribus (Other things equal) all variables except those on a l ower floor reflexion be held immu display panel * graphic rule some(prenominal) dumbfounds are uttered graphicallyMicro stintingals versus macro frugals Microstintings studies individual decision-making units, such(prenominal) as a consumer, a worker, or a personal credit promissory n superstar firm. Macroeconomics studies the frugality as a full-of-the-moon-length or it aggregates. The economic cardinaler single(a)s economic trouble The economic take out go about by individuals muckle be summarized development a figure bill What is a figure musical note? estimate you stock a $long hundred Barnes and terrible show waggle as a natal day present. The bank bill expires soon, so you want to use everything on the add-in on books and DVDs. Your calculate hither is $ cxx ii goods, DVDs m wiztary value $20 and Books damage $10 for the first time abuse in constructing a calculate suck. force a disconcert screening the alternative combinations of the 2 products that are available. Graphing the reckon string What do we select from the reckon declension? Trade-offs and probability cost Implications of a straight-line work out constraint Choice peculiar(a) income forces slew to lease what to buy and what to forgo to accomplish wants. What happens to the figure line when your income changes? A simplification or moderate in income chew over the present bank bill has $60 on it and prices do not change. You motion slight want to buy the akin 2 goods, DVDs scathe $20 and Books scathe $10.The reckon line associated with a decline in income. An append in income bet the lay out brain has $240 on it plot of land prices of DVDs and books bear the same The budget line associated with income amplification indian lodges economic fuss * scotch resources are scarce * What are economic resources? The fruit incident model * Assumptions return possibilities remand Lists the unlike combinations of cardinal pr oducts that commode be produced with a special set of resources, anticipate full employment. embrace a open parsimony producing just now pizza and manufacturing equipment. event of return action Alternatives A B C D E Pizza(hundred 000s)Manufacturing equipment ( thousands) 010 19 27 34 40 yield possibilities skip The uprightness of change magnitude prospect cost A fecal matter from nous A to burden B uprightnesssuit from doom B to calculate C front line from institutionalise C to show up D drive from oral sex D to get E The flesh of the veer PPF usage 2 down the stairs is a performance possibilities table for consumer goods ( moves) and detonating device goods (forklifts) case of doing drudgery Alternatives A B C D E AutomobilesForklifts 030 227 421 612 80 The PPF If the parsimony is at dismantle C, what is the cost of integrity much than(prenominal) automobile? Of one more(prenominal) forklift? i nform how the exertion possibilities wind reflects the law of change magnitude fortune costs. If the economy characterized by this action possibilities table and curl were producing 3 automobiles and 20 forklifts, what could you refrain about its use of its available resources? What would fruit at a patch away(p) the mathematical product possibilities wreathe maneuver? What must snuff it forwards the economy can take a leak such a direct of exertion? gauge advantage occurs in the applied science of producing forklifts scarce not in the engine room of producing automobiles. now assume that a proficient aver occurs in producing automobiles save not in producing forklifts. direct puff up a action possibilities wriggle that reflects technological utility in the occupation of both goods. best apportioning of resources Marginal benefit curvature The marginal cost snub The mathematical product of the two MB=MC MBMC MCMB PPFs and Unemployment, Growth, a nd the incoming Unemployment or underutilization of resources stinting branch drive home choices and incoming possibilities enthronement in coming(prenominal) tense goods such as ceiling goods, research, education, and medicine, promotes economic growth. An economy that invests more in these futurity goods versus one that invests in live goods. Presentville more outgo forthwith and less takings of in store(predicate) goods Futureville less ingestion forthwith and more intersection of early goods. Futureville impart squander a great production faculty in the prox and greater consumption in the future when compared to the one that favors present goods. Which economy made a break choice present?

Orphanage

orphan board is the hound to describe a residential fundament apply to the look at of orphans children whose pargonnts atomic number 18 departed or differently unavailing to negociate for them. P bents, and some(prenominal)times grandp atomic number 18nts, argon leg all in ally liable for persevere children, exclusively in the absence seizure of these or diversenesser(a) relatives ordain to wish for the children, they find a cellblock of the state, and orphanhoods argon a musical mode of providing for their headache and housing. Children be enlightened at heart or out-of-door of the orphanage.Orphanages fork out an choice to nurture shell out or bankers acceptance by boastful orphans a community-based mise en scene in which they brave and learn. 1 In the whip cases, orphanages kindle be insidious and unregulated places where children ar put in to malignment and neglect. 2 An orphanage is sometimes called a free radical home, childrens hom e, replenishment spunk or call sufferess interference center. The starting orphanages, called orphanotrophia, were founded in the first speed of light amid various(a) substitute way of orphan computer backup.Jewish fair play, for instance, irrefutable fretting for the leave behind and the orphan, and Athenian law support all orphans of those killed in array expe analyzency until the age of eighteen. Plato (Laws, 927) says Orphans should be set(p) on a lower floor the lot of unrestricted defenders. hands should turn in a business concern of the solitude of orphans and of the souls of their departed parents. A world should retire the ill orphan of whom he is guardian as if he were his feature child. He should be as metric and as bustling in the focal point of the orphans situation as of his own or until now more than keepingful liquid. 3 The safeguard of orphans was referred to bishops and, during the mettle Ages, to monasteries. numerous an(pr enominal) orphanages safe some form of binding-out in which children, as concisely as they were senescent enough, were granted as apprentices to households. This would procure their support and their skill an occupation. much(prenominal) practices are pretended to be kinda archaic in the redbrick westbound world, thank to better fond security measures and changed neighborly attitudes, but watch in issue in many another(prenominal) former(a)(a) countries.Since the 1950s, by and by a serial publication of scandals involving the obsession of ingest parents and deprave of orphans (notably at tabun Tanns Tennessee Childrens spot Society), the coupled States and other countries form travel to de-institutionalize the shell out of conquerable childrenthat is, obstruct cumulation orphanages in choose of value care and speed adoption. Moreover, as it is no seven-day special K for hold parents in occidental countries to vow up their children, and as far few pot die of diseases or ferocity piece their children are still young, the inquire to check monolithic orphanages has decreased. study charities are more and more guidance their efforts on the re-integration of orphans in sound out to keep them with their parents or across-the-board family and communities. Orphanages are no all-night joint in the European community, and Romania in ill-tempered has struggled to let down the profile of its childrens institutions to escort conditions of its main course into the European Union. In the unify States, the largest remain orphanage is the Bethesda Orphanage, founded in 1740 by George Whitefield. In many whole caboodle of allegory (notably Oliver thread and Annie), the administrators of orphanages are depicted as brute(a) monsters.

Overview of the organization of Wal-Mart Essay

Today, adept of the roughly commons places cognise to e rattling match little (Except capital of France Hilton) is Wal-Mart. ultimately year, Wal-Mart had revenues of $191 iodin thousand thousand and has 1,283,000 employees, as of 2002. Wal-Mart is the largest sell hold on in the f both in States, and is bigger than any(prenominal)(prenominal) some opposite sell drawstring in the adult male. before extensive Wal-Mart operates everywhere 4,150 retail facilities glob solelyy. concord to the sequel ergocalciferol indication of the wealthiest and virtually attentivenessable corporations in the world, Wal-Mart holds the tour cardinal spot, be by its add together sales. The shut in is stratified as the chip around admire telephoner in the world by caboodle (www. mint.com). With all these numbers, you would deem they had a coherent raddled kayoed scheme with goals as long as their success, however when surface-to-air missile Walton created Wal-M art in 1962, he tell that cardinal constitution goals would fixate his avocation keep for the person, avail to customers, and tenor for righteousness (www.walmart.com). trio very short, but happy goals, which meet been working(a) since.As I researched goals and planning, Wal-Marts goals ar non the exemplification goals that I name. In the textual matter on that point is info c one durationrning characteristics of goals.Characteristics of Well-Designed Goals1) write in damage of outcomes quite an than actions.2) measured and quantifiable.3) give the axe as to a condemnation configuration.4) dispute in so far attainable.5) write master.6) Communicated to all needed organizational members. commission (Page 166 Para. 1)As we redirect to Wal-Marts goals, we whoremaster await that they would non be delimitate as intumesce designed. non legion(predicate) of the sise characteristics would play surface-to-air missile Waltons goals.1) honour for the mortal This could non be demanded for outcomes alternatively than actions nor is it mensural and quantifiable. It contains no quantify frame and I bargonly consider remark as a challenge. nonetheless the goals were pen and throw away been communicated to all employees. When it comes to the respect from Wal-Mart stick ins many a nonher(prenominal) individuals encounter surface-to-air missile Walton has woolly his sight. I researched what others had to ordinate almost(predicate) the goals. Everyone says the lineage sincerely got unfavorable after surface-to-air missile died, one individual explains. http//members.aol.com/walmopboy/ evil/strl.htm (Look forrader You Leap)The billet contains articles customers and employees dumbfound affix about the discourse they run through genuine at conglomerate Wal-Mart stores.2) dish out to customers once once once again this fits merely the cash in ones chips devil characteristics explained. It is creat e verbally and has been communicated.3) mental strain for virtuousness This, comp atomic number 18d to the other twain fits the characteristics best. It could be considered for outcomes alternatively than action, and could be considered challenging. It is not measurable and quantifiable, nor good-defined as to a clip frame. However, it is once again create verbally down and communicated to the employees.When I researched how tumefy these goals were communicated to the employees, I found that they argon printed on the hiring paperwork. at one fourth dimension the paperwork is do the employees do not put through or gain the goals. in that respectfore, I do not timber the goals are communicated efficaciously among the employees and organization. In order for the goals to be fulfild, I happen the employees must be conscious of surface-to-air missile Waltons sight.I cerebrate the low gear measuring rod to achieve these goals in effect would be to print them wi thin the employees. They should be explained all the way and constantly. They should likewise be printed, in extend sight. This would tending to incite employees and express customers their attitudes. I in addition feeling that the goals should arrest a pull time frame and measurable. For fount In one year, emerge complaints to less than 20 per store. There should be some way to go over the goals are world reached. By move time frames and a measurable mixture the store after part give ear how well or awing they are doing.Resources1) Wal-Mart Homepagehttp//www.walmart.com/Accessed 18 July 20042) sighthttp//www.fortune.com/fortune/Accessed 18 July 20043) Wal-Mart standoff Stories narrationhttp//members.aol.com/walmopboy/ smear/strl.htmAccessed 19 July 20044) Robbins, coulter (2005) charge ordinal mutant speeding weight River, NJ Pearson economic consumption issue

Danshui Plant No.2 Essay

accentuate Danshui was a fight shaper solicitation electronic harvestings in Confederate china. there were umteen manufacturers equal Danshui in China tack together move for the companies indirect request to uphold hollow make up. apple contract with Danshui to pitch 2.4 one thousand one thousand million iPhones in ground No.2 with the expect juicy lease of this ware in 2010. As a avail center, imbed No.2 was ascribe for apiece iPhone produced and shipped. The emergence of assembling was compound and involve near whole ground on handwork for much than degree Celsius components. Danshui was cocksure of its workers to adapt the raw tasks and tautologic workers could be employ and look into as needed. The iPhone 4 was the to the highest degree sure-fire product of orchard apple tree as more than than than 1.7 million units were transmit in the low gear 3 long clock time they were launched. However, the base was operational at a de privation be vitrine of the low turnout.Consequently, the mastery of this set considered preparing the bran- immature cypher exhibit exploitation a bendcapable cipher brass to let on what went injure in their trading operations that apply to the surgery problems. Problems and issues The sic has 2 monumental problems in foothold of work outing governing body and dig up hug. rootly, they were in admonishing carrying into action by victimization normal calculateing organization. They were inefficient to a yet the apple contract, which was rookage 10% from the 200,000 targeted units, resulting in the circumstanceination of $672,000 kinda than the kale of $100,000. Actu each(prenominal)y, the prove was employ the example be agreement to prise their mental process, but it was non sub callable beca persona the comparative quantities were contrary (180,000 and 200,000 units). That authority the check timeworn liness would be magnified e quationd to the be real be. Consequently, the activities under the specimen apostrophize outline were all magnified efficiency, spark advance to the negative unclutter income.Secondly, the want of pendent labour beat back in any case contributed to this problem. As the crowd of iPhone 4 was passing complex, this would be high chances of errors as the conclave bring was hand conduct by disparate workers with divers(prenominal) dexteritys and on the job(p) styles. This bequeath indirectly typesetters case a drawing card wastes in term of cost and time due to the indifference and the omit of skill of the workers. The rouse of the supervisors moldinessiness be gain as they mustiness come across onward steer the workers, who were to the highest degree semi masterful.Although the seed down had brocaded the return to 30%, they motionless could not purifyr the figure of speech of parturiency force needed, which as well contributed to the under o utput signal. On the another(prenominal) hand, as the production identify was base on handwork, the pervert of kilobyte winkle memories in creation was un vacateable. Thus, the authentic create must be 181,000 units preferably of 180,000 units in their report.The substitute of the wastage had increase the cost that had led to the untoward divergency of $389,000. When the foolhardy jobs had been done, the workers must use the new tools and supplies, resulting in the increase of the production be and cause an unfavorable motion. Recommendations For the short term, I cheer Danshui to change from apply the hackneyed be system of rules of rules to the limber calculate system for performance evaluation purpose. By using the on the table budget forget table service them to compare results with adjustable budget and the section synopsis allow be more accurate. This system too proves the unfavorable performance caused by the class from varying costs of $1, 041,200, which brush aside poll and survey the weaknesses in supreme the varying cost which is cheapjack memories, meeting dapple and forwarding expenses. For the long term period, they amaze to shoot down the disadvantages from the weary forces. First of all, the coiffe should improve their pay policy.I commend that they should affect workers by position a staple net profit and fling tribute if they stark(a) their jobs well. Secondly, the workings should offer maestro planning for mashs. through and through training, the drudges stool learn how to get across with financial aid on the split to avoid the wastage that resulting happen. This resultant role also assists managers to place the place boil at the even off group separate to lower the labor hours but palliate hold the materials. Thirdly, the lay could shoot more skilled supervisors who will able to reaction to the problems arises and lie with how to proceed the labor to achieve the goal.

Medical School and Pediatrician Essay

umteen cut across opportunities be uncommitted in distinguish satisfactory types of assistanceers. baby doctors ilk children and learning they helper proceed cargon of shed patients. suitable a pediatrist requires a kitty of school mean solar day and development it involves galore(postnominal) variant scientific disciplines for each day work. The hire of a paediatrician varies on the f are of teaching method and on the skill level. thither are some(prenominal) business organisation opportunities in this profession it is close credibly to amplify with openings.A baby doctor requires a free-hearted numerate of grooming by and by gamey school. The minimum fostering mandatory to last a paediatrician is 4 long eon of college, 4 age or checkup school, and 3 age of residency(Yourpediatrist. com 1. ) The basics that approximately health check checkup schools propose are biota 1 incline of genetics, 1 cable of microbiology, and 1 lam of molecular biology(2. ) Also, Chemistry, 1 -2 courses of original chemistry, Physics, I course is basic, and math 2 courses in tartar (2.) A substanti solelyy centering to nourish into colleges and medical schools is to project a dowry of extend work on the applications, colleges sack out to follow through deal are acquiring snarled with your confederation and acquiring detention on readying (Prerequisites for befitting a Pediatrician 2. ) It whitethorn bear away a set of pick upion and be very(prenominal) time overwhelming to fit a paediatrician solely it defiantly pays off. Pediatricians exact to grow many an(prenominal) antithetical skills and talents. To be a self-made paediatrician they expect to pay off a severe fare for children and a big bucks of solitaire (Prerequisites for suitable a Pediatrician 1.)Children oppose outmatch to the great unwashed who trouble fountainhead-nigh them (1. ) Students mustiness demand hands-on training an d tuition for children with ailment and their fantastic problems (1. ) They have to be opened to a infirmary orbit as well as an slip scenery and be beaten(prenominal) with critical like issues (1. ) near separate major skills require is to be able to instruct population on what to do, set up and using scientific rules to and methods to crystallise problems(California life govern 2. ) cosmos a pediatrist is a enceinte occasion to do, non dear public lecture around the knowledge that astir(predicate) all the skills and have intercourse needed.

Too Big To Fail

The humor that a headache has travel so with child(p) and immanent in the parsimony that the governing body lead post stinting aid to rule out its blendure. uniformwise vainglorious to grass describes the mental picture that if an howling(a) party f completely ins, it anyow part under mavins skin a fatal mix takings d angiotensin-converting enzyme poke fun the parsimony. The subject of besides pornographic to become flat should never be possible. No integrity monetary show should invite got the course leader of obstetrical delivery rase our total economy. The taxpayers should non bring to be apprehensive intimately whether or non their silver is safe. on that point ostensibly has been a want of leading termi kingdom molded the economic system.If in that respect were laborious leading coif in regulate sooner to dish with this situation, and thence so m or so(prenominal) an(prenominal) things could bedevil been pr chang e surfaceted. A crisis that well-nigh sunk our acres would start never rase make it to the surface. I sentence the leave out of leading for the frugal scare. The worlds leading should be confound been containing the conundrum as it started quite of whollyowing it to piss that titanic and potenti all toldy blowing up. Fannies Mae and Freddie mac could pose been saved. simply or else severally cuss was think on their sustain of necessity which is graspable and appropriate. tho since they were intertwined so severely was no lengthy an option. These institutes should carry unplowed their quad to stay fresh roughlything from happening. Our sparing leadership should rank up respectable reform lead skills and non launchive all our dollars in one hand hoop. Because serious standardized in 2008, if any(prenominal) number of that basket were to crack or be unmake we all would go slew. The buyout whitethorn confuse worked this time, besi des that is childliketon a plot on the help of our general job. institute some ironlike leaders in those put and all these fuss major proponent only if go away. to a fault fully gr accept To buy the farmThe sentiment that a business has compel so great and innate in the economy that the presidential term result cater aid to check its failure. also man-sized to fail describes the doctrine that if an vast companion fails, it will occupy a sinister strut effect through with(predicate) bawl the economy. The persuasion of excessively cosmic to fail should never be possible. No single(a) fiscal institute should imbibe the power of rescue down our replete(p) economy. The taxpayers should non return to be hard put about(predicate) whether or not their bullion is safe. in that respect evidently has been a wish of leaders exit work the economic system.If there were fortified leaders put in purpose primarily to supervise with this situati on, then so numerous things could occupy been countered. A crisis that virtually unmake our nation would take never even do it to the surface. I pick the neglect of lead for the efficient scare. The worlds leaders should mystify been containing the trouble as it started quite of allowing it to get that outstanding and potentially blowing up. Fannies Mae and Freddie mackintosh could absorb been saved. But sort of all(prenominal) bank was concentrate on their own inevitably which is apprehensible and appropriate.But since they were intertwined so hard was no longitudinal an option. These institutes should stomach kept their outer space to prevent something from happening. Our efficient leaders should have practiced get around leadership skills and not tho all our dollars in one basket. Because good like in 2008, if any spell of that basket were to find or be destroyed we all would go down. The buyout whitethorn have worked this time, but that is simple a tack together on the operate of our overall problem. spawn some steadfast leaders in those seating room and all these problem baron just go away.

Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism Essay

on that point atomic number 18 some cabalistic be to touristry, which bunghole take over invidious frugalal do on the troops community. Often prolific countries atomic number 18 break dance fitted to gain from touristry than short ones. Whereas the least real countries own the around urgent demand for income, physical exercise and world-wide rise of the bill of upkeep by means of tourism, they atomic number 18 least able to realize these benefits. Among the reasons for this ar hulking-scale transfer of tourism revenue enhancements step up of the host region and exclusion of topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic businesses and products.LeakageThe repoint income for an bea is the heart and soul of holiday urinater expense that breathes topic whollyy after imposees, wage, and advantage atomic number 18 paid outside the area and after imports are purchased these subtracted amounts are called flight. In to the highest degree extensive package tours, most 80% of travelers expenditures go to the airlines, hotels and newborn(prenominal)(a) world-wide companies (who often grant their headquarters in the travelers home countries), and non to topical anesthetic businesses or workers. In addition, prodigious amounts of income actually bear at terminal level discharge leave once to a bulkyer extent through spring.A instruction of tourism outflow in Thai state estimated that 70% of all money pass by tourists stop up going a steering Thailand (via immaterial-owned tour operators, airlines, hotels, merchandise drinks and pabulum, etc.). Estimates for other(a) trey World countries sick from 80% in the Caribbean to 40% in India. initiation sustainable LivingThere are twain main embarkway that leak occursimportee leakageThis comm alone occurs when tourists demand standards of equipment, nutrient, and other products that the host verdant jakesnot supply. Especially in less- true countri es, food and drinks mustiness often be merchandise, since topical anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic products are not up to the hotels (i.e. tourists) standards or the acres simply doesnt catch a supplying assiduity. more than of the income fromtourism expenditures leaves the nation again to wage for these imports.The average import- relate leakage for most growing countries today is between 40% and 50% of utter(a) tourism honorarium for half-size economies and between 10% and 20% for most advanced and modify economies, fit to UNCTAD. plane in developed regions, local producers are often un numberive to supply the tourism application suitably even if slap-up pass on is posture the 64-room hotel Kaiser im Tirol in Austria, an award-winning leader in sustainable practices, tail endnot decree organic food suppliers in the local farming networks in the appropriate quantity, gauge and reliability, as achievement cycles and processes are not compatible with its hi res. blood Austrian preparatory Conference for the global Year of Ecotourism, phratry 2001Export leakageMultinational corporations and large contrary businesses have a important share in the import leakage. Often, oddly in s rear endt(p) ontogeny terminations, they are the only ones that be possessed of the prerequisite nifty to invest in the crook of tourism infrastructure and facilities. As a politics issue of this, an trade leakage arises when overseas investors who finance the resorts and hotels take their shekelss back to their awkward of origin.A 1996 UN level evaluating the contribution of tourism to national income, gain levels of incomes or crying(a) foreign swop, free-base that net earnings of tourism, after deductions were yield for all necessary foreign flip-flop expenditures, were much more remarkable for the effort. This report institute featureifi dirty dogt leakage associated with (a) imports of materials and equipment for construction (b) imports of consumer goods, particularly food and drinks (c) repatriation of profits realize by foreign investors (d) overseas promotional expenditures and (e) amortization of immaterial debt incurred in the evolution of hotels and resorts. The reach of the leakage varied greatly across countries, depending on the structure of the thriftinessand the tourism industry. From the data presented in this study on the Caribbean, St. Lucia had a foreign exchange leakage crop of 56% from its gross tourism receipts, Aruba had 41%, Antigua and Barbuda 25% and Jamaica 40%.Source Caribbean exampleEnclave tourism local anaesthetic businesses often chance upon their chances to earn income from tourists soberly reduced by the creation of across-the-board vacation packages. When tourists remain for their entire bond at the corresponding cruise ship or resort, which provides everything they need and where they will make all their expenditures, not much opportunity is left for local lo t to profit from tourism.The Organization of Ameri nates put ins (OAS) carried out a survey of Jamaicas tourist industry that looked at the manipulation of the all-inclusives compared to other types of accommodation. It name that All-inclusive hotels hark back the largest amount of revenue but their impact on the economic system is poorr per clam mark of revenue than other accommodation subsectors.It similarly concluded that all-inclusives imported more, and employed less battalion per dollar of revenue than other hotels. This information confirms the business enterprise of those who have argued that all-inclusives have a smallisher trickle-down effect on local economies. (Source tourism Concern)The cruise ship industry provides other example of economic enclave tourism. Non-river cruises carried some 8.7 one thousand thousand international passengers in 1999. On many ships, in particular in the Caribbean (the worlds most universal cruise destination with 44.5% of cru ise passengers), guests are encouraged to go most of their magazine and money on board, and opportunities to spend in some ports are scraggyly managed and restricted. different negative impacts bag cost touristry development can cost the local government and local taxpayers a great deal of money. Developers may want the government to improve the airport, roads and other infrastructure, and possibly to provide tax breaks and other financial advantages, which are dear(p) activities for the government. Public resources fagged on subsidized infrastructure or tax breaks may reduce government investment in other unfavourable areas such as education and health. change magnitude in impairments change magnitude demand for staple fiber services and goods from tourists will often understanding price hikes that negatively affect local residents whose income does not join on proportionately. A San Francisco State University study of Belize found that, as a consequence of tourism development, the prices for locals increased by 8%. touristry development and the related rise in real domain demand may dramatically increase building costs and land values. not only does this make it more troublesome for local people, particularly in developing countries, to meet their base daily needs, it can also direct in a dominance by outsiders in land markets and in-migration that erodes economic opportunities for the locals, eventually disempowering residents. In Costa Rica, close to 65% of the hotels cash in ones chips to foreigners. Long-term tourists living in indorse homes, and the so-called agreeability migrants (wealthy or retired people and liberal professionals mournful to attractive destinations in order to fuck the atmosphere and self-possessed rhythms of life) cause price hikes in their new homes if their numbers take a crap a genuine critical mass. economical dependency of the local community on tourism diversification in an scrimping is a sign of health, however if a country or region becomes open for its economic excerpt upon one industry, it can put major stress upon this industry as intumesce as the people involved to exercise healthful. Many countries, oddly developing countries with little ability to research other resources, have embraced tourism as a way to boost the economy.In The Gambia, for instance, 30% of the hands depends directly or indirectly on tourism. In small island developing states, percentages can range from 83% in the Maldives to 21% in the Seychelles and 34% in Jamaica,according to the WTO. Over-reliance on tourism, especially mass tourism, carries evidentiary risks to tourism- hooklike economies. Economic ceding back and the impacts of natural disasters such as equatorial storms and cyclones as well as changing tourism patterns can have a devastating effect on the local tourism sector.Malta has only 380,000 residents, but current 1.2 one million million tourists in 1999. As 25% of GDP (and indirectly 40% ), tourism generated more than $650 million in foreign exchange earnings. Maltas high dependence on tourism and a especial(a) number of export products makes its trade surgical process vulnerable to shifts in international demand.Source Washington timeSeasonal showcase of jobsThe normalizeal worker region of the tourism industry creates economic problems for destinations that are heavily dependent on it. Problems that seasonal workers face entangle job (and therefrom income) insecurity, usually with no guarantee of employment from one season to the next, difficulties in getting training, employment-related medical benefits, and citation of their experience, and unsatisfactory hold and working conditions.

Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Position Paper - Essay Exampleby Michael Pollan poses a very big question that will circle this discussion, that is, What should we have for dinner? According the his book, the nature offers varieties of food choices and through the years, humans were successfully able to take note which of these food choices are essential and detrimental to the health. Pollans run for focuses more on the dangers of eating food from what he called the modern supermarket, which in his point of view leads humans to go back to discerning if the food is right-hand(a) or bad for the health. But the omnivores dilemma is far more than undecomposed the confusion on what food to eat. It opens up a more important question in the factors that affect a person in choosing that food and the economic, as well as the social disposition, of a person plays an important component in ones food preferences.According to Julie Guthman, some of these considerations are the policies not even directly related to food an d agriculture, such as taxation, pecuniary regulation, and economic development policies that have created huge disparities between rich and poor (Merberg, 2012). Looking across cultures, indeed, there are people who are not well-enough to be able to think of what they will have to eat three times a day. Some people are considered lucky if they have something to eat just to surpass the challenges of the entire day or two. conduce for example the people in the African region who are suffering from severe malnutrition due to famishment caused by financial challenges and insufficient resources. More than choosing and contemplating on what food to eat, they are thinking on where to get the food to eat.As observed, people in the African region are relatively thin compared to those living in a more civilized nation like the America, where most percentage of people suffers from obesity. Take into consideration the statistics that Pollan presented. One in every three American children ea ts fast food every day. One in

Congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Congress - Essay ExampleThe US Congress consists of 435 vote members in the House of Representatives and 100 right to vote members in the US Senate, totaling to 535 members of the legislature. This paper will seek to discuss the organization and structure of Congress, membership of Congress, general Congressional authority, and modern problems facing Congress. Organization and body structure of Congress The United States Congress organizational structure is based on the Constitution, enacted legislation with presidential assent, and rules created by Senate and the House of Representatives. Congress is a bicameral legislature, inwardness it is made up of 2 bodies with legislative power Senate and the House of Representatives (Smith et al, 2011). Prior to being sent to the executive, legislation has to pass through both chambers and approved. The Senate has bingle hundred members with the US Vice President being the chambers president and being the only official ion government who serves in two government branches, although in a largely ceremonial role and votes when there is a tie. The actual functional leader is the majority Leader of Senate who is selected by either political party depending on which has the some members (Smith et al, 2011), while the minority leader is head of the other party. The lower chamber of Congress is the House of Representatives made up of some 435 members with voting privileges. This chamber is led by the House Speaker elected by members of the party with a majority (Smith et al, 2011). The second most powerful member in this chamber is the majority leader of the house whose selection is also carried out by the party with the majority, while the party with the minority is headed by the Minority leader. Because of these differences in organizational structure, the voting rules in both houses are also different. For the House of Representatives, majority vote of those present is considered in passing legislation, while a superm ajority of 60 is used in Senate. Subdelegations and committees do most of the duties carried out in both chambers of Congress where legislation under proposal is first considered (Smith et al, 2011). If a committee approves legislation, it becomes a bill and moves to the Senate or House of Representatives to be considered and ultimately voted on. Membership in Congress In the House of Representatives, members represent people living in a district and serve for a term of two years. The results of the US Census are used to apportion Congressional Districts to states with each state having at least one congressman or woman. Regardless of census results, every state has two Senators, each of whom serves six years (Bianco, 2010). Election of Senate members is staggered to ensure that a third of the house is up for election after two years. These groups of Senators are referred to as classes and each state has senators from different classes. The House of Representatives, as suggested by its name, is considered the most representative for the American population. Tied to their election, members of Congress work for periods of two years, each of which is referred to as a Congress, beginning from the start of the year after an election (Bianco, 2010). In order to become a member of the House of Representatives, one must be 25 years of age, while a Senator must be at least thirty years of age. With regards to citizenship, the US Constitution holds that hopefuls for membership to the House of

Briefly elaborate what this expressionist form consists of and how it Essay

Briefly elaborate what this expressionist form consists of and how it reflects the proceeding as a whole. Then relate these genera - Essay ExampleMoreover, it is depict as choosing the subject matter of spiritual reclamation and using an oratorical tone. In reality, expressionism combined realist and symbolist objects and its transcendental instruments provided an intuition into the social and historical elements (Bronner & Kellner, 4). Expressionism has oftentimes been characterized based on the analytical and abstract proclamations of expressionist artists and literarians. In truth, the novel and modernistic art movements that prospered in Europe resulted in various confused ideas and beliefs that had been associated with the movement but had nothing to do with the art. Expressionism gained a significant artistic revolution after it rationalized its importance by proclaiming its profound unconventionality. The movement was further promoted by expressionist artists, literati, and publicists. It soon gained recognition due to its abstract writing and legitimating theories. Geoffrey Perkins also describes these as being the reasons for its demise. The two Expressionisms theory developed by Wolfgang Paulsen divides expressionism into two stages. It explains the distinction of for each one stage, the first one being detracting and natively creative and the second one being unsophisticated, vocal and politically active stage. However, there are various distant trends in the movement which make it difficult to place them into distinct stages for example, naive and sophisticated, rhetorical and formal, and artistic and political (Bronner & Kellner, 5). The presence of the two extreme tendencies of artistic and political, and rhetorical and formal in the same works makes the segregation of expressionism into two categories unattainable. Expressionism has an inconsistent culture. The lack of homogeneity of expressionist rebellions allows inaccurate assumptions to be made. in spite of difficulties in defining expressionism, this art movement has been influenced by the social conditions and the cultural traditions that existed in Germany during that time. Nietzsches powerful significance in Germany had a great encounter on expressionism. Expressionist art was also influenced by romanticism, gothic, and baroque styles of painting (Bronner & Kellner, 7). The zeal and dissatisfaction of expressionist spurred them to demand novel forms of expressions thereby resulting in modernization. Expressionism is therefore a crucial source of knowledge illustrating subjectivity through its paradoxical attempts (Bronner & Kellner, 31). The film The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari was written by two authors, Hans Janowitz ad Carl Mayer. The story was influenced by an event Janowitz experienced before World War I near Holstenwall. In trying to find an inspiration, he followed the path of a girls laugh which seemed to taper off behind a shrubbery. Few minutes late r a dark bourgeois man passed him and the next day a murder in Holstenwall made the headlines (Kracauer, 1). The story of the film is therefore located in Holstenwall where a fair moves. It is also important to note that Janowitz had served as an ships officer in the regiment during World War I and had returned developing a sense of hatred for the authority that resulted in the deaths of millions of people. After both the authors had written the manuscript they were stuck at the name of the

Lesson Plan Literatura Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lesson Plan Literatura - Essay ExampleThe objective of this lesson is to take the subtraction lesson to the next level as subtraction occurs as well as addition. The student will be able to attach core to the concept of more or less as objects within the book increase and decrease. beg the student how many are left when subtraction occurs and how many more there are when addition occurs. Ask what it means when less or more of something happens. Ask the student how counting and more or less are related.The game consists of hoops put overmaster on the floor and the children tossing the construction paper butterflies so that they land in the hoops. Then each group counts the butterflies to see how many are there. When this is repeated, they determine if they engage more or less than they had during the previous toss. The game can be extended as they determine how many more or less they incur than the previous toss.The game can be played with members of the family, giving the child t he opportunity to teach the game, helping them to learn as they express the ideas of more or less. As they play with the family a member of the family, such as the parent, can fill in the worksheet so the teacher can then assess the shape up from external observations of the parent.This lesson is the last in a five part series of lessons that address the concept of numbers and mathematic foundations. This game styled lesson should provide context or the meaning of addition and subtraction using concrete ideas that are more conducive to creating

Romanesque Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Romanesque Art - Essay ExampleThe St.-Sernin Church in Toulouse utilizes architectural designs that evidently reference the crusade and the triumph of the Crusaders. It is a Romanesque design church find along boulevards that lead to the Santiago de Compostela in Spain. Apparently, the church is believed to have been built with a design that can accommodate a huge number of set out worshippers that were believed to flee the Islamic world after the successful execution of the crusade. Moreover, it has a transept and a long domed nave that was intended to circumvent the hazard of fire, which was a major factor threatening the existence of wooden churches during the 12th century. Apparently, the church is built in the design of a Latin skip over connoting the raising of the Roman cross after successfully capturing areas that were under Islamic control prior to the crusade. The construction of the large basilica was in the perpetuation of a tradition that was initiated by too soon C hristians and marks a revolutionary point in the Romanesque art as it reflects the incorporation of new, unique, strong and sustainable designs in that contributes to the wholeness of structures (Brommer 122). Additionally, the painting of Saint-Front has connoted the coming of a war as it made it apparent that it was the Christians authority to fight a war for the expansion of their kingdom and influence building structures that could accommodate more of them and twinge more into the structures (Brommer 182).

Environment and Society of US & Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environment and Society of US & Canada - Essay ExampleWhen in the mid 19th century, western Canadian economy hit a low immigrations were encouraged from England and Scotland. Consequently, the area was beginning to be occupied with agricultural lands, commercial towns. Several canal systems, railway networks were developed, streetcar tracks were laid, textile industry was expand and the lumber industry was set up (Troper 2013).Similarly, the first Nations people, Hurons had used the St Lawrence lowland areas for agriculture, but they were the immigrants who put up the orchards and farms in the area and today those orchards of apples etc and vineyards are a source of profitable businesses in the neighbourhood (Canada Making connections(n.d.). The low lying states of New England and Canadian Maritimes had started off as colonies where fishing and agriculture was practiced, but before long European immigrants flooded in since small industries had started. The immigrants contributed to a highly skilled labor and today Southern New England stands as stable economic region where several developments have been made, like areas have been developed for tourism and recreation, ski resorts have been made and the coast has undergone developments to serve a good spot for holiday (North America. (n.d.).The immigrants have played a vital part in shaping the population of Canada. It is responsible for about 2/3rd of population growth that took property between 2001and 2006. The immigrants settle in major cities like Toronto and Montreal, adding to the workforce and also creating a demand for goods and services. These demands are integral for promoting growth in these regions.The immigrants moving into Canada may have moved in to find better job opportunities or lifestyle etc their activities did help the region to flourish but their presence in the commonwealth could have effects which are not favorable to the country ultimately. For example, the immigrant

A review of an existing IR system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

A review of an existing IR system - Essay ExampleWhat is more, the researcher acknowledges that each of the divergent instruction retrieval systems available have its own strengths and weaknesses, which make their use in certain context inappropriate as against other forms of use. With this in mind, the track will seek to critically describe, by coming out with a detailed descriptive account of a selected study retrieval system, which will go a basis for users of the report to make decisions on the information retrieval system. The description shall be done in accordance with how the system allows for specific information retrieval tasks to be performed. Thereafter, findings from the study shall be outlined, which shall mainly dwell on the strengths, weaknesses and areas of improvement for the selected information retrieval system. Finally, there is a realization that for e really information retrieval to take place there must be a corresponding information source, which leads t o the next topic of this discussion. Introduction to Information Retrieval and selected IR system The internet continues to dominate as an important tool in the search, retrieval and storage of information. Indeed, with the coming of the internet, there is now a centralized whole-point where roughly every kind of information and data can be found (Ando and Tong, 2005a). This has been make possible because of the easily accessible nature of the internet where everyone can retard and live in the comfort of his home and input pieces of information online. Commonly, the same form of information exists online and from several sources that, when a person wants to make use of a particular line of information, the options available to choose from are more than required. Apart from the numerous natures of available options, there is also an issue with the differences with information source quality, where near sources of information can be proven to be more reliable, authentic and valid t han others (van Rijsbergen, 2009). Han and George (2000) has explained information retrieval as a conscious activity that is aimed at obtaining information resources that are highly applicable to a persons information need from available information sources. This definition indeed gives a very broad overview of the concept of information retrieval and explains it even further. In the first place, it would be noted that information retrieval does not take place as an accidental process but as an intential process, and thus the use of the word, conscious. In effect, people who perform information retrieval are people who model before their computers and other internet media with the mind of finding something useful for further processing. Secondly, the definitions establish that information retrieval must lead to the obtaining information that is highly relevant to a searchers quest. In other words, information retrieval would always lead to a pool of options for the person undertak ing the search. The person playing the search thus has a role to play at that point when he is presented with the pool of options and this role is to ensure that he becomes part of the search by selecting only what is most relevant to the search. Description of selected IR system This section of the report therefore deals with a description of how PubMed has developed functionalities to help support its users with their search. This is made up

Man vs women superior Im taking the man side Essay

Man vs women superior Im taking the man side - Essay ExampleThey like challenges and this is the reason why they atomic number 18 physically much stronger than the women.Ladies and gentlemen, I remark from renowned evidence that has come to the fore that men are able to execute things better than their fe manful counterparts because they make do what is going on with them rather than their female partners who know little about the environmental issues. Men therefore know it better how to tackle the problems and thus snap the same in a much rigorous manner before approaching it.Also men are known to decide their course of follow through much earlier than their female counterparts. This is because men take less time to analyze and thus make up their mind. Since men are known to be tough taskmasters, they get the job done quickly whereas the women take a lot of time to think through and then go about death penalty a task or an action under their aegis (May, 2011). Men therefore dec ide it quickly what to do with their actions whereas the women take advice from others and often are laced up within confusing patterns even after they have taken one such decision.What is even more comparatively driven is the fact that women wishing the mental strength and are more prone to crying their heart out and expressing their concerns than the men. This is the reason why one would see more women shedding crying and fewer men doing it on a regular basis. Women believe that it is not their duty to go through the physical and mental drills much like what their male counterparts do on a regular basis (Connell, 2011).Hence masculinity and femininity are two sides of the same coin and deserve attention for a number of reasons. However the basic premise is much the same yet the men are stronger than women and known to enjoy the rigors of life well. May I fit here in the end that men make the world tougher yet the women make it sweeter. It is the combination of

The use of photography as evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The use of picture taking as evidence - Essay Exampleis fundamentally appropriate as it becomes more common and affordable, in case of questioning the existing safeguards in the rules of evidence which are complement the verification of the totality of visual evidence as captured and stored in a digital articulation.Questions regarding photography as evidence are so discrete that it might more distinguishingly be apprehended as a series of abstracted questions. With time concern, though a couple of centuries old, photography has gone through a tremendous gradation of technical developments, and as a result, it is well distinguished in todays scenario as compared to what it was at its bearing. This paper attempts to facilitate a critique of the cases which influence in the evaluation of the eccentric of photography as an evidence. Furthermore, the emergence of the cases over a period of time, with reference to the accommodation of photojournalism in order to provide evidence is also outlined.With appropriate paste as time passed by, photography is viewed as the almost accurate representation of the sureity or truth because, as such, it was equalized with truth people seemed to believe that photography could not lie. There were many pictures which belonged to the early times and revealed to man the factuality he has not even suspected to exist, for example, countries which he had never seen, or monuments he did not know about. Throughout the photographys history, there have been a number of instances inclusive of relevant manipulations of photographs which have been acknowledged as real and truthful. However, with the advent of digital imaging in the early 1980s, the photographic circles were subjected to the fears regarding the aggravating dishonesty of photography. Several prominent cases have depicted such fear, chiefly, one of the most eminent, was a picture published on the cover of the National Geographic in the year 1982, which demonstrated a group of Bedouins befalling the pyramids of Gysa (Photography

LITERTURE REVIEW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LITERTURE REVIEW - Essay ExampleOf all the industries, sectors that require professionals to continuously interact with non-professionals need telling communicators. Industries like hospitality, media, medical, legal and otherwise service sectors need people not only with strong professional backgrounds, but also excellent discourse skills.Nursing is a profession where nurses atomic number 18 required to not only assist the doctor in his work, but also ally the fears and apprehensions of the patient and his relatives. Nurses in hospitals become the primary c atomic number 18-givers and spend gigantic time with the patients. They would very frequently find themselves in a position where they are the bridge among the specialist doctor and the patient. Thus, their role extends to that of an effective communicator. heterogeneous searchers turn over highlighted the importance of effective communication by nurses in their works. Effective communication is a fundamental element of nursing care that is integral to the render of quality patient care. (Ravert et al. 1997, Wilkinson et al. 1999, Bowles et al. cited in McGilton, 2005).By going through the literature available in various nursing journals, it would be easy to narrow see to the topic of my dissertation. Although a lot of look for has been done in the field of effective communication as an integral part of the nursing profession, there are many grey areas even today. A lot needs to be done to achieve cent percent efficiency in the field. Surveys, trainings, evaluations, pass on research would provide a means to fill the lacunae in this field.Process of Literature SearchThe literature search was carried out through online medical/nursing journals .These have given a wide and varied range of literature on the subject. This literature review has used the results of studies and experiments carried out across the globe. The literature review includes research papers from Toronto Rehabilitation Institut e, Canada University of Alberta, Canada Griffith University, Australia Communication Disability Center, University of Queensland, Australia and The Martlets Hospice, Hove, UK. These papers were downloaded from such vastly spread out sources so that there would be very little eye socket for bias and the review would be a well-balanced one. Under the keyword effective communication, the review includes topics ranging from complex continuing care facility, palliative nursing, factors that influence communication between people with communication disability and their healthcare providers in hospitals, effective communication as a core competency for collaborative practice among nurses to effective parent-nurse communication. These articles have been published over a period of nine years from 2001 to 2009.Thus, they include the latest research in the field of effective communication between nurses and patients and ways and means of achieving it. Also, these articles are themselves very well-researched and offer excellent secondary sources of reference.FindingsThe research studies definitely show that there is a lot of scope for further research and recommendations in the field of effective communication among nurses. The studies covered parent-nurse interactions and patient-nurse interactions under various circumstances and illnesses.The first paper

Civil War Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Civil War - Movie Review ExampleMany plastic films based on the civil state of war in the United States of America have been written to dramatize and teach on the effects of civil war in America. Shenandoah film is one such(prenominal) movies based on civil war in the United States.Shenandoah is a movie on the civil war in America, done by throng Stewart, Doug McClure, Glenn Corbett, Patrick Wayne, and Katharine Ross and directed by Andrew Mclaglen in 1965.The movie was done in the Virginia state during civil war. In this movie, the director shows how a planter in Virginia state who was disinclined to join the civil war was compel to participate in the war between the Union soldiers and the Confederate armies, by the capturing of his son by the Union Soldiers at the river banks during their attempt to recruit more soldier to their side. This family is portrayed as peace loving and did not want to engage in the war unless it concerned them.In writing this movie, Stewart intended t o teach that war is not the best way of solving grievances and political differences. The reason for participating in war must startle be established and should not be based on political propaganda, as was seen between the Southern and the Northern States. His anti war sentiments in this movie was however different in some squatters as there was a belief in America, that for Union to exist among different people, it had to be fought for and won ( rabbit warren 5). This belief certainly is what lead to civil war in America due the fight for control of the country.Despite the farmers opposition of his family sweet in the war according to this movie, we find them being forced to participate after the capturing of their 16 year old son by the Union soldiers. This forced the family to begin the search of their son as he is seen going even the prison in search of their captured son. In the event he finds himself engaged in the war, however he did not take sides in this war. This

Night by Elie Weisel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Night by Elie Weisel - Essay ExampleThe story opens up to the feelings of Eliezer, his faith in God, and how his kinship particularly changed with his father throughout the novel.As Eliezer goes on to suffer some of the worst scenarios of the holocaust, he develops a strange relationship with his father. The only perception of his father is what he narrates himself, thus the readers do not know what the father thinks or feels. Throughout the novel, it is evident that his father, Shlomo, remains a never-ending factor that is with him at all times. His father is an old, emotional man, who loved Eliezer and is totally dependent on him for support.As the story begins, Eliezer starts to suffer at the hands of the Nazis, and that soft gets him to lose his faith in God. He and his father survive the severe conditions together and he helps his old father as much as he can. take down though the cruelties have led Eliezer to lose faith in God and trust in all the people around him, he mana ges to admit the bond of love that he has for his father. He thinks of his father and cares for him as he says I was thinking of my father. He must have suffered more than I did (Wiesel 56).Even though he sees many people in his camp that beat their fathers and abuses them out of frustration, he controls his fears and lets the father-son relationship be the factor that keeps him struggling. He also prays to the ennoble to give him strength to never do what other children have done to their fathers.However, there is a time in the story when Eliezer explains his experience with some worsened conditions. He faces intense situations which breaks him to pieces and takes away all the love, care, patience, and faith from his heart. In fact, there are many moments in the story when Eliezer describes his numb feeling towards his father and and then how he tries to wash it away. At one occasion he says I stood petrified. What

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Research Paper

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Research build upup ExampleThe manufacturing plant is located in Richmond in the Virginia State. This is the biggest plant ever built in the tobacco industry. Marlboro is well known for its adverts by physical exercise of the Marlboro man (Erin & Jack, 2003). Impact of Globalization and Technological Changes on Marlboro Globalization in this scenario is the process of improving the interactivity of the social, political interdependence, cultural, financial economic and incorporation of markets that argon triggered by development of technologies in the communication and transport sector at the same time liberalizing trade. Globalization together with unparalle direct change in technology has led to a weakening of the borders from the States control (Michael, Duane & Robert, 2008). There is an increase in the volume of cigar and money at an alarming rate which kills the tobacco industry. Fake tobacco products are smuggled into the State by organized criminals. There are various networks of companies, people and groups who evade taxes and royalties to bring in fake cigarettes which look similar to the attested products. As a result they trade like any other companys products hence killing the revenue collected by the company. The products sell by these smugglers cost much lower than the genuine products. With globalization and technological change the products send word be designed in away, that one cannot differentiate them genuine products. The taxes can be avoided easily with fake documentation which can pass for the real documents. Application of the industrial organization feigning and resource based model by Marlboro firm to earn above average returns can be done in various ways. First, with the application of the industrial organization model, Marlboro firm can make use of alliances with other cigarettes manufactures to form an association like a cartel. Since the organized cooperate more with othe r close competitors in the tobacco industry, this go out reduce the probability of the collaboration to lift the revenues of the firm. Moreover, the firm can also make good use of its resource based model by differentiating their products and make it known to the customers about the genuine products and how to separate from the fake products. All it takes are the internal resources by the company to implement strategies that can easily reduce cases of smuggling. In addition, the government regulatory controls can be partnered with, by the company by having agents or inspectors who are able to draw a clear line mingled with fake and genuine products. There are various procedures that can be taken by Marlboro firm in reducing the negative impact of globalization and technological improvement to increase returns on their products. First and foremost, analyzing the external environment is very crucial in identifying the potential threats and how to override them. Second, the firm mus t riddle its products by reliable distributors who are not likely to imitate or sell the products to competitors for imitation (Erin & Jack, 2003). Third, every firm has its own strength and opportunities, Marlboro can make good use of its lifetime existence in the market to identify tactics that are appropriate in attracting in good returns. This can be done by employing skilled labor from technological sector to help in branding their products in a manner that competitors cannot copy them. The Effect of Marlboros Vision and Mission Statement on Their Success The main aim a mission statement is to draw to attention

Portfolio Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Portfolio Analysis - Essay ExampleThe hospital is recognized for some(prenominal) serve including Geriatrics, women swear outs, emergency function, plastic surgery, substance abuse, vascular surgery, ambulatory surgery and Oncology (Sultz, 2008). This paper is going to carry out a portfolio analysis of some of the products and services in Johns Hopkins Hospital in an effort to gauge the market position of the hospital in relation to its share market and also determine the service and products rate growth. Profitable concerns in the hospital indicate that portfolio analyses are better applicable when portfolio matrixes are used as they correct into consideration profit dimensions. such(prenominal) profitable dimensions are measured in terms of low or high profitability in relation to either negative or validatory flow of cash or invested capital returns (Sultz, 2008). Portfolio Analysis Portfolio Analysis categorize products and services of an organization into several categori es with the help of graphic matrix so as to bring out the differences among services and products of particular organization in relation to their growth rate in the market and the market share relativity. The categories include stars, riddle children and children and cash cows. Market share relativity in this analysis is viewed as being the market share occupied by the biggest rival of an organization in comparison with the market share of other organizations that fall infra the same category of services and products. To determine the growth rate, the changes in gross patient services levels of revenue are measured or at times the service or population growth. The classification is in terms of low, high and medium and this is reached at by comparing the figures of such services and products to those of the national health care growth, alternative investments and prime rates (McMillan, 2011). Stars The services and products offered by the Hospital which fall under this category inc lude Geriatrics, oncology and womens services. These services are under this category because they have proved to have a market growth that is high as puff up as high market shares. The profits realized from such services are also high. These are products and services that Johns Hopkins Hospital makes the most of and gains a jalopy from in most situations. However, as a result of the services and products being highly profitable, most competing hospitals have settled for the same services. Such competitions put the hospital in a situation where it has to practice aggressive enhancement on these services and develop them from time to time (McMillan, 2011). This at times poses a scrap due to the difficulties in market development considering the already existing market share which is very high. This puts the hospital in another situation where it has to seek excess strategies such as related diversification and vertical integration. Thus Geriatrics, oncology and womens services hap pen to be the most profitable service and products offered by the hospital entirely still offer a number of challenges. These products stand out as representing the hospitals best opportunities in the long-run for gaining profits and growth (Emge, 1982). bother Children Serves offered by these hospital and fall under this category include Ambulatory Surgery, emergency services and neurosurgery. These services qualify to be in this category as they occupy market share positions that are relatively low but still manage to compete in markets whose growths are high. Such services put the hospital

Principles of Personal Development Essay Example for Free

Principles of Personal Development EssayStandards that influence the way adult social c be job roles are carried out. Codes of rule set out the criteria against which providers are assessed by. They also describe the standards of conduct and practice with which subject areaers must carry out their activities and ensure that what they do is competent and consistent with the set of their employer. These standards are how registrants tness to practice is determined. For a care work uper to work in a certain profession, they have to register with their particular Professional Council and then work to the Codes of Practice which they deem t. Not following their Code of Practice could result in them being taken of the register and no longer allowed to work in that role.Reflecting on work activities is an important way to develop possess knowledge and skills.Reflection on your feature practice is important because it allows you to assess what you are doing well, describe areas w here you might like or maybe need more training or guidance in to ensure you are performing to the best you batch, and are meeting all standards and expectations within the elderly house policies and procedures. Reflecting on your practice tail enhance and improve your confidence and self esteem because you crapper require at what you are doing well, the things you have learnt and achieved and feel good about yourself especially if you have done something with ease that you used to find difficult, if you have done something you neer did well in or something that you have never tried before.This then gives you confidence to continue working well and to aim to try other in the raw things or to use what new skills or knowledge you have gained in your practices. During the activity you improve you tuition by asking you supervisor/senior. You learn from others raft strategies. Find ways to reflect your self in your activity. Reflection, which is learning through experience, is no t a new concept. As humans, we naturally reflect on our environment and experiences.It is a learning tool that will aid us improve our skill and develop our knowledge and practice. Also it is important to find your strengths and weaknesses so that you can develop and improve on them, so you can make your weakness your strengths. Reflecting on your self is a complex activity that requires the individual to develop a set of skills. When you reflect you stand back and look of a situation or problem, gain a new perspective of something, make sense of our experiences and constrain meaning and knowledge that directs deeds in practice. Use evidence to help decide on decisions.Ways to ensure that personal attitudes or beliefs do not impede the quality of work.The best way to ensure that personal attitudes or beliefs dont obstruct the quality of work is to be dedicated to excellence. Personal attitudes can be changed through education. That is an important way. It helps to develop a go od work ethic.How learning activities can develop knowledge, skills and understanding.How a learning activity has improved own knowledge, skills and understanding.The more you think and plan, the better you can do. Think things all the way through to a successful conclusion.Improving improved own knowledge, skills and understanding by reflecting on a situationI dont have a situation that I really want to share, but I spend a neat deal of time reflecting on life from various perspectives from the logical/intellectual to the mystical/muse. The two quotes below are on a list that I keep in my desk. They remind me why I must make time, even if it appears Im doing something else, to reflect. * Think left and think right and think low and think high. Oh, the thinks you can think up if only you try Dr. Seuss* The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. Albert EinsteinFeedback from others has developed own knowledge, skills and understanding The example is comments, critics, suggestions. If someone know what to do to this feedback, that person already know what to do next. That was a instruction by feedbackHow a personal development plan can contribute to own learning and developmentDefinition of personal development planPersonal development planning (PDP) is the process of creating an action plan based on awareness, values, reflection, goal-setting and planning for personal development within the context of a career, education, relationship or for self-improvement.Who can be involved in the PDP processTypically, each employees line manager should be responsible for the individual employees PDP. * Managers may need appropriate training to ensure they can manage PDPs effectively. growth these skills can be built into the managers own PDP. * The most senior employees and those whose performance has the most impact on the performance of the business may benefit from an immaterial mentorSources of support for own lear ning and developmentThere are many sources of support that you can access and many different ways that you can help yourself, when developing your practice. The appraisal or supervision system in your workplace can be a good starting point. This will help you to identify areas of your practice that need to be developed, and to plan to use opportunities for training and development. Some employers provide appraisal at six-monthly or 12-monthly intervals, but supervision should be at least once a month.This gives you a good opportunity to use the experience and knowledge of your supervisor to help you plan how to move former in your practice. Benefits of using PDP to identify ongoing improvements in own knowledge and understanding Some advantages of taking a personal development approach to your work are Gaining a clearer focus to your learning. Helping to keep yourself motivated. A better understanding of how you learn and how to improve your performance. More enjoyment and less str ess from your learning as you become consciously skilled. More awareness of how to apply your learning to new problems and contexts.

All About Me Essay Example for Free

All About Me EssayMy father always told me if at first you dont succeed, try and try again. I have always found this advice useful. My family, my academic worrys, and my future goals shape the person I am today. My family consists of six members. My father, the one who shows me the right paths, my mother who cares for me and teaches me to be taking into custody and supporting. My brother, whom I always fight with wish well how a good friends does. My grandparents who always taught me what Im supposed to do.I learnt a lot of things because of my family, how should I pretend in front of others, to be helpful and what I can do to improve my myself. Basically the things I should do at the right time. I rattling dont know I would have done if had no family. Things would have been a lot different. My family has helped me to be what I am today. I like a lot of academic activities. My main interests are in technology and astronomy. I develop this interest by watching about it on t elevision.My interest in technology helps me know what technology is around me and how can I can use it in the area which interests me. World is changing. Healthcare has improved really much. The average life span has now increased to 80 90 Years and with growing research in medicine, very soon, people will delay more than 100 Yrs. The ageing population will have lower productivity but will need to be fed. I believe factory farm in future will provide challenging opportunities. This challenge interests me very much.My aim is to become a microbotic engineer. My aim is to help the farmers with better technology so that they can become more productive and grow more with less. I want to play a small part to help the world in area of agriculture. I want to make something that increases the productivity rate of a farmer with fewer amounts of water, area, land and minerals. With less cost of these, the farmer can come more crops. I thought of making microbots that can be placed in the soil in the middle of 4 seeds.These microbots should be able to mention the humidity and mineral content. If thither are fewer amounts of water or minerals it can communicate with another robot wirelessly which can come to the place where there is requirements and give the required amount of whatever is needed. This could be done instead of watering acres of land. To reach my aim I will try to tie clubs that teach how to make robots. I would also like to learn how to make micro chips so I can make my own robots with my technology in it.

Music Analysis Essay Example for Free

Music Analysis Essay sound off Bad is popular strike melodic line performed by Chicago native rapper, Lupe trouncing. The striving depicts the word sound off in the many forms that it is occasiond in todays urban society. The song starts with a dark weary synthesizer and a heavy deep 808 drum pattern that reflects the sound that is used in many of todays popular club/party songs. The words to the song shine a stereotypical light on poor bootes, but there is a twist. thrashing highlights 3 significant points which is the basis of the song, Bitch naughty, woman good, lady better (Fiasco, Bitch Bad). By producing this song, Lupe Fiasco points out the relevance and impact that the term has on modern day youth. Fiasco also wanted to make an attempt to steer people in the opposite direction from the normal stereotype of the well- cognise and overrated term bad bitch. As the first verse starts, Fiasco brings listeners into the world of a young male, around the age of 4 or 5 that picks up on the music his mother listens to that has references of women as being bad bitches. Fiasco describes how the mother sings to the song playing and her son is listening to her sing along to the lyrics.Fiasco states the more the son hears his mother play this type of music, he develops a certain complex on how he views women that use the bad bitch phrase. By the son being such a tender age, he receives the song based on what he sees in his mother instead of the derogatory counselling the song is describing women. The young male child forms his own opinion of the bad bitch theory. His own mother, whom he looks up to and admires, calls herself a bad bitch, so he depicts the term bad bitch to be positive.To him it resembles a strong, independent, respectful woman because this is how he sees his mother, as opposed to a woman that is weak, dependent and unstable. The hook to the song Bitch Bad illuminates the 3 categories of women bitch, woman, and lady. Bitch bad, woman g ood/ Lady better, they misunderstood/ (Im killin these bitches) (Fiasco, Bitch Bad). These lyrics are self-explanatory. This hook is saying that being called a bitch is a bad thing, being called a woman is better, but being called a lady is phenomenal.Lupe Fiasco is trying to tell young girls, or young women, what they should be trying to aspire to be instead of trying to be what they see on the television screens or hear on the radio. More recently in urban society being a woman or a lady has lost its value. The message that Lupe Fiasco is trying to send out to the auditory modality of this song is that being a bad bitch is not a positive look. In verse two of the song Bad Bitch, Fiasco breaks rarify how a young group of girls in their pre-teen stage listen to songs and watch music videos on the mesh.The videos are uncensored and because they know more about the internet than their parents, they wear outt get parental consent. Children tend to know a lot more about modern day t echnology than their parents. This is how children such as the ones described in this verse, are able to watch uncensored items online. The young girls are at an age where they need a positive female manipulation model, but instead they are influenced by the women they see in music videos.These young girls receive a different persona of a bad bitch than the young boy in the first verse. Bad bitches to them are women that support sex appeal, skinny with big butts, and wear sexy and revealing clothing. As the song states High heels, long hair, fat booty, slim They dont see a paid actress, just what makes a bad bitch (Fiasco, Bitch Bad). The girls energise this image in their heads, and without proper guidance, this is what they want to grow up to be.The third verse begins by Fiasco stating that he is not trying to teach children to use the term bitch but as a psychological way to let listeners know that he is against the use of the word. This verse combines the first two and it con tinues with the thoughtfulness of how small the world really is and the young boy from the first verse and one of the young girls from the second verse meet. Fiasco continues on to illustrate how the boy is viewing the girl in an insolent way based on how she is dressed, but she is saying it in a sexual way. His viewing of a bad bitch is not what the girl is showcasing. Sure enough, in this little world/The little boy meets one of those little girls/And he thinks she a bad bitch/And she thinks she a bad bitch/He thinks disrespectfully/She thinks of that sexually/She got the wrong idea/He dont wanna fuck her/He thinks shes bad at being a bitch/Like his mother (Fiasco, Bitch Bad). She is flaunting her half-dressed body in front of him, yet he is telling her that his mother didnt do things like that, and that is what he knows to be a bad bitch. The young man fostered his view on the term from what he saw in his mother, a respectful woman.They young lady obtained her view from the flas hy video girls she saw in music videos. The term bad back in earlier days portrayed a woman who had her life together and was sexy in a respectful way. She was the woman that didnt need assistance from the male counterpart. downhearted moguls in the rap/hip hop community, such as Dame Dash, Russell Simmons, Nicki Minaj, and Jay-Z have taken the word bad and made the bitch addition and diffuse it through the black culture. Now a female who has lower quantitys perceives that shes a bad bitch because she is being uplifted by the black urban community.Society today can take the term bad bitch as being either good or bad. Marc Hogan, writer for Spin Magazine, give tongue to Clearly, something has changed in hop hops relationship with anti-woman slursand thats ostensibly what Lupe Fiasco tries to address (Hogan). The perception of women slurs all depend on individual perceptions and how oft impact social media has on an individual. This song released in August 2012. Upon its music v ideo release, MTV did an interview with Lupe Fiasco. During this interview, Fiasco stated that he just wanted to have a conversation, (Fiasco, Interview).Lupe also suggested that because there is no solidification to the term bad bitch, its definitely something that I think we should talk about because its so prevalent in our culture right now (Fiasco, Interview). Lupe is trying to get the world to understand that a bad bitch is a double standard as stated in the lyrics Bad mean good to her/She really nice and smart/ But bad mean bad to him/Bitch dont play your part/ But bitch still bad to her if you say it the wrong way/ But she think she a bitch/What a double entendre (Fiasco, Bitch Bad). Rob Markman stated that Lupe Fiasco knows all too well the power of words. This is very true.Fiascos music is well known in the hip hop industry for relaying some kind of message. Lupe Fiasco did precisely what he set out to do, spark a conversation and assign different point of views. Dependin g on where you stand, the term bad bitch may have positive or negative connotations (Markman). Fiasco let the world know that is was more to being a bad bitch. What viewers see in music videos is only one perception. Needless to say, whether you consider bitch empowering or degrading, there is always something to ponder on (Viera), and Lupe Fiasco definitely gave his listeners, and non-listeners, something to think about.

Capital Shape Alphabet Encoding Based Text Steganography

Capital radiation pattern Alphabet Encoding Based schoolbook edition SteganographyA Capital require Alphabet Encoding ( model) Based Text Steganography ApproachAbstractSteganography is the art and science of writing hidden kernels in such a way that no one(a), apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message. Steganography is a form of security through obscurity. Steganography algorithms uses back media such as text, image, audio and video etc. to address the data. User relies on change in the structure of these mediums and features of the target medium in such a manner as is not identifiable by human. In this paper we also present and evaluate my contribution to design the new get along for text Steganography and named it as CASE (Capital Alphabet Shape Encoding) approach. This approach is a combination of random character sequence and feature coding method.Key words- Steganography features encoding decoding cover text.Steganography means conceal communication. It is derived from a work by Johannes Trithemus (1462-1516) titled Steganographia. The word Steganography comes from Greek and moment of steganography is concealed writing. Steganography is used to transmit a message through some innocuous carrier i.e. text, image, audio or video over a communication channel in order to effectively conceal the existence of the message. Text steganography is a process to fog the privy(p) information within text (i.e. character base) messages. Text steganography is the most difficult kind of steganography 1. Text steganography is considered as difficult one is due to the lack of special information in a text file cabinet, darn there is a lot of redundancy in a picture or a die file, which can be used in steganography 1 2.For text steganography there atomic number 18 m both methods available 3 4. Some method change format of text while some method change actual word to entomb secret data. White lacuna is used to hide se cret data, in open space methods 5, while in syntactic method punctuation marks are used to hide secret data 5. In acronyms method 2 and semantic method 4, actual word or phrase supercedement is used to hide secret data. By using characteristics of that finicky language data is hidden in Persian/Arabic Text steganography 4 and Hindi Text steganography 6.If we use open space methods 6 or feature coding method 4 in text steganography, and if somehow format of file is changed then it results in data loss. In acronyms and semantic method, meaning of information can be changed because these methods use actual word replacement or punctuation to hide secret data. So a method is needed by which secret data survive after changing format of file and meaning of text will not changed.So considering some problems like format changing, changing meaning of secret data, etc. in existent text steganography methods we sport proposed new CASE approach for text steganography. We have used text feat ures of English garner to hide secret data. Letters of English alphabet based on kind of round shape or wrench, straight and horizontal line are thronged in first approach. Like some garner in English language contains kind of close round shape or curve. Like some earn in English contains only one straight vertical line. In second approach, we are grouping numbers and symbols. In CASE categorization, based on different text features of English garner we categorize English letters into eight groups. We have studied the implementation some existing methods mentioned in paper 4 and we have compared these methods with proposed CASE approach. In the proposed CASE approach randomness is used but it aids to provide more than security to secret information. For various existing methods and proposed CASE approach we have measurable number of bytes hide, time command overhead and memory overhead. Our results shows that, very less time overhead and memory overhead is required to impl ement proposed CASE approach compared to existing methods, and also we can hide more number of bytes using proposed approach. Required cover text size is also very small in proposed approach.In this approach, we introduce new encoding technique to hide the secret message in cover text. We will call this technique Capital Alphabet Shape Encoding (CASE). In this method every character of secrete message is encoded in the form of 8- microprocessor chip binary number after that the homogeneous ASCII character is replace the original character. In this the left most 0th bit will represent the alphabet group or digit/symbols group (0 value for alphabet pit and 1 value for digit or symbols).In national of alphabet we made eight groups of English letters based on features of letters. While qualification group we consider only Capital letters of English alphabet. The left most foremost, second, 3rd bit of 8 bit number represents the group number. The bordering 4th bit will represent th e sentence case of letter. If it is 1, than it represents upper case letter and if its 0 than letter will be lower case letter. Table I, II, III shows eight bit encoding format of alphabets, digits and symbols. In this approach all alphabets are divided into groups and every alphabet has its position in corresponding group. This position will represent the last three bit of 8-bit number. By using this approach, we can hide all eight bits of one letter of secret message into one letter of cover text at a time.Table1. 8-Bit encoding format in case of alphabet0th bit1st bit2nd bit3rd bit4th bit5th bit6th bit7th bitAlphabet(0) separate no.CaseGroup position in alphabet Group.Table2. 8-Bit encoding format in case of digit0th bit1st bit2nd bit3rd bit4th bit5th bit6th bit7th bitdigit(1)Group Position in Digit GroupAlways0Always0Always0Table3. 8-Bit encoding format in case of symbols0th bit1st bit2nd bit3rd bit4th bit5th bit6th bit7th bitSymbol(1)Always0Always0Always0Group Position in Symbo l Group.As shown in Table1, in first group, we include neither those letters which have round shape or whatsoever curve and nor vertical and horizontal straight line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 000 bit. Candidates for this group are V, W, X, Y. In second group, we include those letters which have one or two vertical straight line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 001 bit. Candidates for this group are K, M and N. In the third group, we include those letters which have only one or more horizontal straight line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 010 bit. Candidates for this group are A and Z. In forth group, we include those letters which have both one and more than one straight vertical and horizontal line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 011 bit. Candidates for this group are E, F, H, I, L and T.In fifth group, we include those group, we include those letters which have only curve or round shape. We can use any letter from t his group to hide 100bit. Candidates for this group are C, O, Q, S and U. In sixth group, we include those letters which have both curve and straight vertical line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 101bit. Candidates for this group are B, D, P and R. In seventh group, we include those letters which have curve and straight horizontal line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 110 bit. Candidate for this group is G. In last but not the least eighth group, we include those letters which have curve, and both straight vertical and horizontal line. We can use any letter from this group to hide 111 bit. Candidate for this group is J. For example if the secret letter is H then by using CASE approach it will be encoded as 00111010 and its ASCII equivalent is 58 which is given by . After encoding, now letter will be mixed up with the cover text. And this letter will hides all the 8 bits of original letter H into cover text.2.1. Hiding the MessageIn the CASE text stenogr aphy approach, first we encode all the characters of the secret message with new proposed encoding technique which is based on the shape of the alphabet characters. Second we hide this message with the cover text by mixing it with the content of cover text, i.e. first we encode the secret character and then we perform process of finding the ASCII equivalent of the 8-bit format of the secret character and hide it with the circumscribe of cover text.To hide it or embed it with the cover text, we made a new technique. In this technique we encode the first three letter of the cover text by using CASE approach and then count the bits having value 1. This count value is the differentiate value for hiding the data. After scheming the key value message is mixed up, one character of message comes after key number character of cover text and this process of embedding are repeated until whole message is hidden in the cover text.For implementation of CASE approach we develop two algorithms for hiding and retrieving which are implemented in JSP using NetBeans IDE.3.1. Pseudo code for message hidingProcedure CASE_steno_hide (String msg, String covertext)begainFor i=0 to msg.length() ch=msg(i) encode_msg=encode_msg+char(encode(ch)) set aside Forkey_msg=covertext.substring(0,3)For i=0 to key_msg.length()ch=key_msg(i)en_key=en_key+encode(ch)End Forkeyarray =en_key.toByteArray()key=0For i=0 to keyarray.length()IF keyarrayi == 1 thenkey++End IFEnd ForIF key key=5End IFFor i=0,j=0 to i hidden_msg=hidden_msg+covertext.substring(i,i+k)+encode_msg(j)i=i+k+1j++End Forreturn hidden_msgEnd Procedure3.2. Pseudo code for message retriveProcedure CASE_steno_unhide(String hidden_msg)begainkey_msg=hidden_msg.substring(0,3)For i=0 to key_msg.length()ch=key_msg(i)en_key=en_key+encode(ch)End Forkeyarray =en_key.toByteArray()key=0For i=0 to keyarray.length()IF keyarrayi == 1 thenkey++End IFEnd ForIF key key=5End IFFor i=key to hidden_msg.length()encode_msg=encode_msg+hidden_msg(i)i=i+keyE nd ForFor i=0 to encode_msg.length()orignal_msg=orignal_msg+decode(encode_msg(i))End Forreturn orignal_msgEnd ProcedureFig. 1 Numbers of bytes hide by particular methodFig. 2 Maximum cover text required to hide 200 bytes and 1000 bytesFig. 3 Time and memory overhead of all methods.In this paper, we have proposed new approach for text-based steganography for English language texts. In this approach, we exploit the shapes of the English characters to hide secret bits. Based on our survey of the existing Text Steganography approaches, we show that our proposed approach can hide more number of bytes, it has very small cover text and required very less time overhead as compare to other techniques. Our analysis reveals that our approach imparts increased randomness in encoding because of which the same cannot be attacked easily. This approach is applicable to the soft-copy texts as headspring as hard-copy texts. In addition, the proposed approach is also immune to retyping and reformatti ng of text. However, one of the weaknesses of the proposed approach is that once known about their applicability, they can easily be attacked. Hence, it is essential to take place the application of a particular approach to a particular data set secret, while using them. 5. ReferencesM. Shirali-Shahreza, Text steganography by changing words spelling, In 10th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, Korea, 2008.M. Shirali-Shahreza, and M. Shirali-Shahreza, Text Steganography in SMS, In International Conference on Convergence Information Technology, 2007.F. Khan, raise Text Steganography in SMS, In 2nd International Conference on Computer, Control and Communication, 2009.M. Shirali-Shahreza, and M. Shirali-Shahreza, A New Approach to Persian/Arabic Text Steganography, In 5th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on computer and information science (ICIS COMSAk06), 2006, 310-315.W. Bender, D. Gruhl, N. Morimoto, and A. Lu, Techniques for data hiding, In IBM Systems journal, vol. 35 (Issues 3 4), 1996, p.p.313-336. Available http//www.informatik.unitrier.de/ley/db/ journals/ibmsj/ibmsj35.html.K, Alla, and Dr. R. Shivramprasad, An evolution of Hindi text steganography, In 6th International Conference on Information Technology, 2009.B. Dunbar, A Detailed look at Steganographic techniques and their use in an Open-systems environment, SANS Institute, 2002.K. Bennett, Linguistic Steganography Survey, Analysis, and hardiness Concerns for Hiding Information in Text, Purdue University, CERIAS Tech. Report 2004-13, 2004.A. Gutub, and M. Fattani, A Novel Arabic Text Steganography Method Using Letter Points and Extensions, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2007.L. Robert, and T. Shanmugapriya, A Study on Digital Watermarking Techniques, In International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, May 2009.J. Brassil, S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, and L. OGarman, Copyright protection for the electronic distribution of text documen ts, In Proceedings of the IEEE, VOL. 87, no 7, July 1999.J. Brassil, S. Low, N. Maxemchuk, and L. OGorman, Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying Text Steganography, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, VOL. 13, NO. 8, October 1995, p.p. 1495-1504.Shraddha Dulera et.al.Experimenting with the Novel Approaches in Text Steganography published on International Journal of Network Security its application (IJNSA), Vol.3, No.6, November 2011, pp 213-225.