Popular Marketing Techniques for Small Businesses

Popular Marketing Techniques for Small Businesses Marketing is defined as the process of allowing your business to get noticed by individuals who may need or want your products or services.Unfortunately, a lot of small business have a great business idea yet fail in marketing it well. Thus, in order to increase  market share and stay top-of-mind of your customers, think about the popular marketing techniques for your company.Each marketing technique allows you to communicate the advantages and features of your product to your target audience. This is important in creating good will or establishing brand equity with your customers. Case in point, Apple invested much money in making billboards, television commercials, and magazines that display their products in a manner that makes their consumers feel connected towards their products.At the end of it all, it does not matter if you are a small business or a multimillion-dollar corporation. You would not be able to run a successful business if you remove the important marketing techniq ues from your investment.However, prior to starting your marketing techniques, think of the ideal customer you would like to reach. As soon as you have your ideal customer, you would have many marketing techniques to choose from. You can use various techniques for varying stages of your business life or you could use them once your business opens. © Shutterstock.com | faithieIn this article, we will look at six of these important techniques in some detail. These techniques are often called the marketing mix. These are a set of techniques, tactics, or actions used to promote a company’s brand or product for its market, namely, product, price, promotion, place, people, and processes.POPULAR MARKETING TECHNIQUESAs previously mentioned, here are the six popular marketing techniques you have to concentrate on when you market your product or service. These are sometimes called the six “Ps.” ProductProduct is an item that is created or built in order to satisfy the needs or wants of a target market. This product could be tangible or intangible. Hence, if we talk about the product, this could be a good or a service.First and foremost, you have to guarantee that you have the appropriate product to offer your market. Thus, as you develop your product, perform the necessary extensive research for your product’s life cycle. This means that you focus on your product from its growth phase, to its maturity phase, down to its sales decline phase.This is significant for you to take note of because you may want to reinvent your products in order to increase its demand once they get to the critical sales decline phase. In focusing on the product, you also should consider the following in your marketing techniques: (1) labeling, (2) branding, and (3) quality.To help you come up with the right techniques for your small business, focus on the product and ask yourself the following questions:What do the customers want from the product or service?How will the customers use the product or service?Where will the customers use the product or service?What characteristics must the product or service have to meet the needs of the customers?Are there any required characteristics that you missed out on?Did you create characteristics that are not necessary for the customer?What is the name of the product or service?Is the name catchy?What are the colors or sizes available (if it is a product)?How is this product or service distinct from your competitors’?How does the product look?A  product should deliver a level of performance at the minimum. If you work on other aspects of the marketing mix yet are unable to deliver on the product, then you would be unsuccessful and ineffective in your business.PricePrice is the amount your customer is willing to pay for your product or service. This is a critical part of marketing because it establishing your business’s profit and survival.Establishing an appropriate price for your product or service will aid you in becoming competitive and profitable. Begin with incorporating your costs when you produce and deliver your product or service. Then, research your target customers and peg how much they would want to pay for your product or service.If a gap exists between how much you are spending and with how much your target customers are willing to pay, you have to consider a couple of things. Either you have to decrease your costs or concentrate on another market. Just remember that when you adjust the price, this would have a large effect on your full marketing strategy and your product’s or service’s sales and demand.There are a few things to remember, however, when you establish your marketing techniques.if you are a new business and do not have a name for yourself yet, it is highly unlikely that your target customers would want to pay a steep price for your product or service. Even though they may want to pay higher prices for your product or service in the future, it is usually difficult to get them to do so as you begin your business.pricing shapes how your customers view you. Keep in mind that if you have low pricing, it may mean that you have an inferior product or service as customers compare your product or service with your competitors’. On the flipside, if your price is too high, the costs might exceed the benefits of your p roduct from the viewpoint of the customers.Learn how to price your product for maximum profit by watching this video. As you set your price you must think of your product’s or service’s perceived value. There are three main pricing techniques you can use:Market penetration pricing is a technique wherein you price your product or service initially at a low level so you can quickly reach a big fraction of the target market and start word-of-mouth. This technique works upon the belief that consumers can switch to your new brand because of your lower pricing.Market skimming pricing is a technique wherein you price the highest price initially so that customers are willing to pay. Once the demand of the first group of customers has been satisfied, your company can decrease the price that can attract another segment that is more sensitive to the price.Market neutral pricing is when prices are set by the market, with your prices set at the prices of your competitors’. The main advanta ge of the market neutral pricing technique is that it can work through any period of your business cycle. The main disadvantage is that your business may not be maximizing your profits since you only base it on the market.Moreover, here are a few questions you must ask yourself as you develop your marketing technique in terms of pricing:What are the costs that you incur in producing the product or service?What is the customers’ perceived value of your product or service?Do you think that a little price decline could sufficiently improve your share of the market?Could the present price of your product or service keep it on par with the price of the competitors’ products?PromotionPromotion  covers the methods you would use to sell and advertise your products or services. It can increase your sales, not to mention your brand recognition. Methods of promotion could take the form of social media, websites, e-newsletters, blogs, flyers and brochures, networking, word of mouth, adverti sing, cold calls, reward and loyalty programs, sponsorships, letter drops and mail-outs, and public relations activities like events and press releases.Promotion could be comprised of different variables like advertising, public relations, sales organization, and sales promotion. Advertising refers to the ways of communication that are being paid for, such as radio commercials, television ads, internet advertisements, and print media. More recently, there has been a movement from offline to online promotions. On the other hand, public relations focus on the ways of communication that is unpaid. This consists of exhibitions, press releases, seminars, sponsorship deals, events, and conferences.So you can start creating an effectual product/service promotion technique, you must go through the following questions first:How would you be able to send your marketing message to your probable customers?When do you think is the best time to promote your product or service?Would you be able to reach your probable customers through television advertisements?Should you use social media to promote your product or service?What are your competitors’ promotion techniques?Definitely, the mix of your promotional techniques and how you go about them rely on your budget, the message you want to convey, and your target market.PlacePlace as a focus of your marketing techniques answers  how your consumers would be able to buy your product or service. As a whole, this is your point of sale. Your product or service must be accessed by your potential customers. You have to make sure to catch the eye of your potential customers, making it easy for them to access your product or service.There are a few distribution channels you should consider, such as direct retail to the public via an outlet or a store; selling products through wholesalers; online retailing; and using consultants, distributors, or agents in selling your products.As you decide on the place, you must keep in mind your l ogistics and target market so as to bring to the people your products or services. You have to deeply understand your target market so you can efficiently position your product or service and distribute them. There are a number of distribution techniques you should consider, like exclusive distribution, franchising, intensive distribution, and selective distribution.As you create and develop your marketing technique for your place, consider the following questions first:Where do your customers search for your product or service?What sorts of stores do your probable customers go to? Do they shop in standalone stores, in a mall, online, or the supermarket?How can you get access to various distribution channels?How different is your distribution technique from your competitors?Would you need a good sales force?Would you need to go to trade fairs?Would you need to sell online?Whatever the case may be, keep in mind that in establishing your approach towards place, you may have to pay a p remium to get the right place. Actually, always remember the overused saying, “location, location, location.” PeopleKeep in mind there are two groups of people you have to consider.First are your potential customers. You should know that there should be a sufficient number of people in your market that would demand your product or service.Second are the people needed to bring your product or service to your market. You would have to deal with distributors, suppliers, wholesalers, employees, and stakeholders. You have to make sure that they comprehend the significance of offering quality products or services to your customers. This second set of people is significant in your marketing because they deliver your product or service. When you find the right people who believe in your product or service, it is most probable that the employees would perform their best. Moreover, they will be more open towards honest critique on your business and give their original thoughts and passion s that can increase your business.It is important to consider people in your marketing techniques because this can be a competitive advantage to your business.ProcessesProcesses refer to the procedures you have to go through to support your marketing objectives. This is important because they affect how your service is being provided.More importantly, a process that is well tailored can decrease your costs. These could be the processes of when you order new inventory, when you guarantee that your product or service is timely delivered, when you offer opportunities for your consumers to give their feedback, and when you always review your financial and sales reports.The good thing about monitoring your  processes is that you can tweak and enhance them as you go along as you seek to maximize profits and minimize costs.FINAL CONSIDERATIONSAll these considerations for marketing techniques combine product, price, promotion, place, people, and processes. In addition, they also impact one another. They compose the marketing techniques needed for a company to achieve business success.However, if you handle this mix incorrectly, it can take your business many years to achieve recovery. You need to understand this marketing mix well, through research and consultation among many people.

What Is It Really Meant By The Term Entrepreneur Entrepreneurship Business Essay - Free Essay Example

In this essay I will be analysing the validity of the following statement The Entrepreneur is dead, long live the Infopreneur. What is it REALLY meant by the term entrepreneur/Entrepreneurship? According to Oxford English Dictionary the term entrepreneur is outlined as person who sets up a business or businesses. An entrepreneur is a person who has new idea, venture, enterprise and assumes significant accountability for the outcome and inherent risks. Entrepreneurship is the art of innovation and the attitude and quality of taking risk in order to make profit in business. Infopreneur is the person whose primary business is gathering and selling electronic information. Infopreneur is a entrepreneur who make money through the process of selling information on the internet. In the current future market infopreneur seems to be more in trend compared to entrepreneur. The main reason for this is the development of the technology. From the beginning of the history , several economists from different backgrounds argued to theorize the defenition of this concept, until the 18th century a frech economist named Richard Cantillon used it as an economic term describing a person who pays a certain price for a product to resell it at an uncertain price, thereby making decisions about obtaining and using the resources while consequently admitting the risk of enterprise. which is probably closer to the term as applied today. The following definition was later extended by others by including the concept of having the factors of production. Some definitions of an entrepreneur are listed below: In 1976 British economist Adam Smith described in a few words the concept of entrepreneurship, as entrepreneurs were the economic agents who transformed demand into supply for profits. In 1803, french economist Jean Baptist Say, has extended the term entrepreneur. He defined an entrepreneur as any person who. Say described an entrepreneur as one who has several skills of creating new economic enterprises, but also had the vision into societys demands and was able to fulfill them. He also extended the term to have the idea that entrepreneurs were Say broadened the definition to include the idea that entrepreneurs were bosses bringing people together and managing them in the company. In 1848, the famous english economist John Stuart Mill stated entrepreneurship as the founding of a private company. This incorporated the risk takers, the decision makers, and every individuals who needs capital by maintaining limited resources to establish new business enterprises. And he unde rlines on how valuable the entrepreneurship is for economic development. After Mill , the aspect of the entrepreneur in economics has advanced to evolve. In 1934, the best definition was coined by the Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter, and also added the idea of innovation to entrepreneurship. He described that the entrepreneur is one who provides innovation within the context of the business to meet unfulfilled market requirement. In elaboration, he identified an entrepreneur as an innovator who performs change within markets through the carrying out of new combinations. He describes entrepreneurship as an action that gives introduction a new product, a new product method, new business or a new form of organization, and he also states that these actions will assist bring wealth by creating a need in the market from a newly introduced innovation. Sadly, even though many economists agree that entrepreneurs plays an important role for economic growth, they continue to argue over the definite role that entrepreneurs play in developing economic growth. Some thoughts on entrepreneurship indicate that the role of the entrepreneur is that of a risk-taker in the face of ambiguity and inadequate information. Although many current theories on entrepreneurship agree that there is an essential factor of risk, the risk-bearer theory alone cannot explain why some individuals become entrepreneurs while others do not. For example, Knight, Mises claims anyone who has an ability to sustain the risk of losses could be called an entrepreneur under this narrow-definition of the entrepreneur as the risk taker (Swoboda, 1983). Therefore, it is essential to look at some of the other characteristics that help explain why some people are entrepreneurs; risk may be a factor, but it is not the only one. Conclusion: Entrapreneurship is a dynamic process that helps creating incremental wealth to the scociaty as well as the entrepreneur itself. The created wealth by individuals who believe the main risks in terms of capital, time and career commitment of giving value for some product and service. Created product and service i tself may be entirely new and unique or may not be, however the entrepreneur somehow has to introduce value by acquiring and allocating the essential skills and resources.It is a fact that by archiving so an entrepreneur meets his creative wish, each and every succesfull project carried out leads to self satisfaction. Since the very early of 21st century technologies are growing very quicky and playing a greater role in many different fields. Either people become aware of it or not, the way manage business and live our lives would be much different if it werent for the continually changing technology.In todays world we are totally living in a computerized world Technology in business industry has big impact where the opportunity of creating business evolving worldwide. As the result of evolving technology, conventional face-to-face business industry loosing its intrest where as importance of online business is advancing rapidily. According to nielsen statistics, is the primary source of audience measurement information in the television industry around the world. Its has published overall online shopping trends over 875 Million Consumers Have Shopped Online.More than 85 percent of the worlds online population has used the Internet to make a purchase-increasing the market for online shopping by 40 percent in the past two years-according to the latest Nielsen Global Online Survey on Internet shopping habits. Globally, more than half of Internet users have made at least one purchase online in the past month, according to Nielsen. When The Nielsen Company conducted its first global survey into Internet shopping trends two years ago, approximately 10 percent of the worlds population (627 million) had shopped online, said Bruce Paul, VP, Customized Research, Nielsen U.S. Within two years, this number has increased by approximately 40 percent (to 875 million). The most popular and purchased items include: Books (41% purchased in the past three months), Vi deos / DVDs / Games (24%), Airline Tickets (24%) amongst other things such as clothes and accessories (36%). Internet is a way to reach out to anyone, anywhere in the world it allows people to fulfill businesses without any limitations such as time or distance. Individuals can log on to the internet at any time and buy or sell anything at a single click of the mouse within few second. Most important of all is that , computers is capable of converting any transmitted analogue information such as videos, pictures, books, sounds, etc. into digital medium, where is transmitted to any individuals anywhere in the world over the internet. This has established a radical change within existing businesses to maintain competitiveness within a market and the occasional radical change to create new businesses and markets to survive over the long term Although is right to say that Internet factor is huguly affecting every business in every industry, its major effect its on informat ion industry such as entertainment (films, music), news, books, magazines, education etc. Below I will try to compare traditional book with an e-book within information industry: paper book In order to manufacture a physical book trees are required to make papers, in the next stage the information is transferred through printing process, later many hands and energy such as shippings are required to shift the book from manufacture to retail stores and , finally to the consumer. percentage of revenue an author gets from each book sold is 20% that means the author gets  £10 on every  £50 book sale. The remaining  £40 goes to publisher to cover the manufacturing, shipping and other expenses. Lets say if a publisher manges to sell 15000 books in one year , the author will only get 20% of that sales, thats means  £15000 for his imaginative works. E-BOOK if the author decides to produce the same book in a digital way known as e-book, then the process can be shorte ned considerably , where the author can produced and package then delivers anywhere in the world in just few seconds ,from a environmental view i would expect e-book to cause a lot less damage with almost no impact on environment.So long as Lets assume the author of a book decides to be an infopreneur, by setting up a website where he can sells the books through on line to the world marketplace, more likely he will going to sell more books as a result of reaching more and more people. Lets say he sells identical number of books at the same price. The followings are the cost for setting up a online book store in a year: for the creation of the website he will going to spend around  £3000,  £80 a month for a good web host (dedicated server), about  £2500 a month for a webmaster, an extra  £3000 on advertisements on google in order to gets traffic. The initial cost the author going to spend in total is  £77,600, by selling 15,000 books at the price of  £50 each he would generate net sales of  £750,000, after deducting the initial cost he will be getting  £672,400. this means he will be getting an enrmous 90% of profit. As e-book content continues to grow i see significant growth in the market. Author would enjoy this kind of success in offline business.  £3000 construction,  £30,000 for webmaster  £8,600 for host 36,000 on advertising Even-though it would be unacceptable to state that the entrepreneurship is dead but we are aware that infopreneurship is most most certainly the trend and the focus of the future economy and future generation. There are strong evidence for the success of the online trading promoting the business through internet. The most successful businesses such as Ebay, Google and Yahoo proofs the success of making profit through internet business. There are many other large companies such as Microsoft, Airline and banks who has successfully promoted their business through internet. Biggest question that raised in my mind about infopreneurship is that, how is it possible for the businesses that trade in a traditional form service their local community to benefit from infopreneurship?. Researches successful stories enabled me to understand the fact that it is possible for traditional trading businesses to also benefit through internet. These businesses can identify their target audiences ob tain a marketplace. Internet can be used to add value to their products enable all the local community to be aware of the service products available. Through the internet products services can be given to more than one community easily quickly. https://www.technopreneurial.com/articles/history.asp https://www.scribd.com/doc/22784825/Entrepreneurial-Small-Business https://www.gdrc.org/icm/micro/define-micro.html https://www.zeromillion.com/entrepreneurship/entrepreneurship-meaning.html https://www.usq.edu.au/learningcentre/alsonline/assessment/assign/assigntypes/essay.htm https://en-us.nielsen.com/content/nielsen/en_us/news/news_releases/2008/jan/over_875_million_consumers.html

William Freehling On The Civil War - 1031 Words

PAGE 1 When discussing the important work of William Freehling it reminds us how complex and often-overlooked facts are about the civil war. It was one of the bloodiest wars fought by a nation to decide the fate of slavery in America. Over 6000,000 lives were lost. This might not have happened if all the southern states would have committed to the confederacy I believe Freehlings work convincingly shows this. Not only were the southern states not committed to the confederacy they were divided among there self. There was division between the free labor states and the slave states. This was going to cause the southern state to have to fight each other. The Border South stayed neutral for a long time. This leaving the Border States (Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware) open and to win this war you would need these states. Then joined the north side. Lincoln knew to win this war he would have to have control of the import city?s, ports and the amount of supplies that the confederate army received. Having control of the Border States would do all this. As I read the book The South vs The South I realized I read the same material over several different times. Maybe because he discussed the south?s side the north?s side followed by what Lincoln thought? This was on of the draw back to Freehlings book. The Civil War was a very puzzling war with courageous battles taking place on and off the battlefield. Freehling thought that if the south would have united the war couldShow MoreRelatedWilliam Freehling, The South Vs. South1476 Words   |  6 PagesSurname 1 Parler S/s 04/20/2015 William Freehling, The South Vs. The South The South vs. The South by William Freehling is a narrative that focuses on the civil war that affected a vast number of Southerners who opposed the Confederacy regardless of whether they were white or black. These ?anti-Confederates,? as termed by Freehling comprised Slaves and Boarder state whites who together formed half the southern population and were significant to the Union victory. By weakening the ConfederacyRead MoreSouth Vs. The South By William Freehling1461 Words   |  6 Pages The South vs. The South by William Freehling is a narrative that focuses on the civil war that affected a vast number of Southerners who opposed the Confederacy regardless of whether they were white or black. These â€Å"anti-Confederates,† as termed by Freehling comprised Slaves and Boarder state whites who together formed half the southern population and were significant to the Union victory. By weakening the Confederacy military, contributing manpower and resources to the Union and dividing the southernRead MoreThe American Civil War878 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction A civil war is a prolonged high-intensity conflict between people, countries, or parties, which is usually barefaced and armed. Every war has its causes either acceptable or not and some are inevitable. Commonly, civil wars are between countries within a state. It results from one country aiming to make implementations on their governing policies or take control of certain areas within the state. 1Civil War refers to the American Civil War, which took place in the year 1861 to 1865Read MoreWilliam W. Freehlings The South vs. the South: An Analysis619 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam W. Freehlings book The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War tells a unique story about the Civil War and one that is not typically discussed in history books. The book is about divisions within the southern culture, which might have led to the outcome of the war in favor of the Union. Perhaps all black southerners had a vested interest in the Norths victor y, but many white southerners felt the same way for many reasons. In The South vsRead More The Economics of the South and the Civil War Essay examples1618 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve the Civil War was fought only over slavery and for abolition. Because of the speech Abraham Lincoln gave â€Å"The emancipation Proclamation,† it looks like the Civil War was a war about the morals of the nation. A war could not be stopped from happening once the Compromise of 1850 happened. The South was frantic to keep slavery going. Their whole economy was bases around the economics of slavery. The North did not realize that there was more than freeing the slaves to do with the war. The economicsRead MoreSouth vs. South1541 Words   |  7 Pagesbloodiest wars to have ever taken place was fought by a nation separated in two to decide the fate of slavery in America. The Union Army of the North would go on to win the war, but they didn’t do it alone. It took a great three-part st rategy that relied heavily on southern citizens being loyal to the Union cause, Divisions that emerged before the war that helped shape the Union, and Anti-confederate groups who helped cripple the South, all playing a role in the Union’s victory in the Civil War. TheRead MoreHistory of Civil War882 Words   |  3 Pagessociety has been marred with war and strife over its eventful lifespan. A civil disagreement, when accompanied by mass offenses, often ends with deadly war. Throughout history, many nations have been unable to solve their personal grievances with one another in a diplomatic manner. In many instances are solves through protest, boycotts and other contentious means. However, in some instances, society elects the worst possible alternative, which is often war. In retrospect, wars have been fought for manyRead MoreSouthern Secession and the Causes for the Civil War1025 Words   |  4 Pages The issue of Southern secession and the causes for the Civil War have been immensely debated, researched, and written on. An analysis of just a small portion of these historical and sociological works reveals that just about every approach and position on the topic has been explored. Yet still today, nearly 150 years later, historians continue to find new ways to answer this age old question—why did the South secede? The debate continues as authors seek to make sense of the primary documentationRead MoreThe Debate Of The Missouri Compromise1613 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States into two sections, this increase of sectionalism led to higher tensions that eventually lead straight into the Civil War. In this thesis I will draw upon sources from several different areas including databases, and books. These books include; Slavery and the American West written by Micheal A. Morrison, The Road to Disunion by William W. Freehling, and The Missouri Compromise and its Aftermath by Robert Pierce Forbes. All of this information will be put together to prove that:Read MoreEssay on Cause of the American Civil War1732 Words   |  7 Pages The cause of the American Civil War has been a politicized subject for the past 152 years. There are many different theories for what the main cause is, however the best answer is an all of the above approach. The cause of the war that divided the nation cannot be narrowly defined into a single issue but each cause is affected and tied together. The main causes that resulted in the Civil War were the issue of nullification, tariffs, but most importantly just an overall difference in their ways

The Issue Of Concern A Interview With My Client - 835 Words

1. Issue of concern: explaining what specific issue you are focusing on, and how you have identified generational patterns. The specific issue that I am focusing on is divorce. I have identified the generation pattern by performing a structured interview with my client. My interview took about an hour to complete. However according to Journal of Family Social Work, the average time for genogram interviews was 20 min. After performing the structural interview, I was able to create a genogram to visually show Mickey the divorce pattern in his family generations. Mickey mouse last three generations have all gotten a divorce, just as he did. This allowed myself and Mickey to know that it has become a pattern in his family and gave us a starting point for what issue to address. After displaying the genogram to him, he asked me to try and locate the start of the drug abuse in his family. This was something that he wanted to know because he was upset with his fifteen-year-old son drug use. His son’s choice of drug is marijuana, which is a different drug than Mickey Mouse choice of drug alcohol. His ex-wife also uses drugs, but he said he was uncertain about which one, he believes its heroin and alcohol. After showing Mickey the drug use pattern, he was able to understand his son s perspective on using drugs. Mickey didn’t think that alcohol was a drug so he was confused about why his son would start using drugs, until he saw that he and his wife utilized drugs aroundShow MoreRelatedThe Intake And Engagement Video With My Client Samantha1745 Words   |  7 Pageswill discuss the intake and engagement video with my client Samantha and will be a personal self-assessment of the issues that need work. In addition, the paper will discuss the beginning of the interview and skills and techniques such as empathy, rapport building, listening skills, open and closed-ended questions, and signs of client engagement. The second part of the interview will discuss the focus of the interview and the closure of the interview. Furthermore, when doing a self-assessment, it isRead MoreThe Aspects Of My Interview Style1432 Words   |  6 PagesPart one will discuss the aspects of my interview style. This will include how I felt about my performance and what I wished I have done differently. It also, will include the things that I believe I did my best when conducting the interviews with the client. What skills do you notice in your interview style? The skills that I noticed during my interview style was that I was an active and attentive listener. I believe that I let the client discuss her situation, while doing so, I emphasizedRead MoreThe Model Of Reflective Thinking : Reporting1453 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful workplace relationships and foster appropriate, respectful client care (Stein-Parbury, 2012,p.194). In the healthcare field, interpersonal skills are fundamental in building rapport and therapeutic relationships between the patient and other associates (Ross, 2013, p.2). To understand the importance of communication skills, I interviewed a General Practitioner who specializes in Skin Cancer to reflect on these skills into my future practice as a nurse. Thus, in this reflective essay I willRead MoreQuestions On Parenting Agreements After Separation996 Words   |  4 Pagesthe issue presented by the client? The issue presented was regarding parenting agreements after separation. This issue is under the Family Law Act 1973. The client had an arrangement with her partner that was not formal. The couple did not have a parenting plan instead they had a verbal agreement that involved an equal care time arrangement of their two sons . The client wished to have an 80/20 split of care time because of emotional abuse from her ex-husband. The client raised concerns aboutRead MoreInterview Reflection Paper1151 Words   |  5 PagesFor this interview project, there were three team members. Katrice was the client, Bailey was the observer and I was the social worker. The three of us made a good team, which was very important since this was our first meeting. We got along very well and we each had a similar plan mapped out. The experience was an opportunity to view our strengths and needs improvement skills in interviewing. The recorded video gives each of us the chance to critically view our interviewing techniques. It was anRead MoreEthical Issues Regarding The Interview Session Was The Client s Mental Health Issues1186 Words   |  5 PagesCentre sees a range of clients, many of whom are disadvantaged in some way. What were some of the ethical and/or professional issues and considerations that arose during your interviewing sessions? How were these issues addressed or resolved? 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The purpose of the interview was to become comfortable being recorded, increase my experience using the interviewing skills learned in class, and to be able to analyze my strengths and weaknesses, leading to a greater learning opportunity. Julia and I met in study room 308 in the George R. White Library at Concordia University in Portland. The study room was a quiet place and we had no interruptions. When I first began the interview, I felt likeRead MoreThe Aspects Of My Interview Style1130 Words   |  5 Pages. Part one will discuss the aspects of my interview style. This will included how I felt about my performance and what I wished I have done differently. It also, will include the things that I believe I done my best when conducting the interviews with the client. What skills do you notice in your interview style? The skills that I noticed during my interview style was that I was an active and attentive listener. I believe that I let the client discuss her situation, while doing so I emphasized

The Effects Of Media And Technology On Our Lives - 1828 Words

â€Å"Wealth is of the mind, not the pockets,† a quote from one of my all-time favorite music producers, Pharrell Williams. However, young African American men from improvised inner cities score below their counterparts in other racial and ethnic groups when it comes to graduation rates, literacy rates, and college preparedness. A black male growing up in these neighborhoods rarely thinks about self/higher education. His aspirations gear more towards making fast money to get by. He may have to resort to crime to get the kind of fast money he is looking for. Can you blame him? When the odds â€Å"seem† to be against you, you have no choice but to do anything you can to survive. Notice, I stressed the word â€Å"seem†, because I want us to explore the current generation of growing African American males and the effect of media and technology in their lives. Studies show that media images have a large impact on perceptions when the viewers have less real world exper ience with the topic. In an age where technology brings together different ideals, cultures and belief systems through the Internet and social media, one can assume that accurate stories are being publicized about African American males holistically. Nonetheless, the majority of what is portrayed in media about African American men involves violence, drug abuse, unstable households, drug dealing and other criminal acts. Which can arguably be outward expressions of an impoverished society. The purpose of this paper is to exploreShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Technology And Media On Our Lives958 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Technology and Media in our lives With the advancement in media and technology, almost anything is possible nowadays. Looking back a couple years ago, people did no have cellphones, computers or televisions to occupy and make their lives easier. With the development of these products and more, people are able to communicate and do work much faster and more efficiently. 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We live in a society where technology is used on a daily basis. If you don’t use technology you’re making life hard for yourself. There are many advantages and as many disadvantages in using technology. Technology has completely changed the mankind. We have information on our fingertips at all times. It’s fast, convenient and very useful in today’s society. People now adays look for answers using technology instead of doing research themselvesRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Our Lives1065 Words   |  5 PagesWe live in an age where technology is practically unavoidable if you live in a developed area. We don’t realize how much we really rely on technology in almost every facet of our lives. It’s a known fact that it is almost inevitable it will keep advancing, which is imperative to our development; but what about its social effects? There is no doubt in anybody’s mind that technology has definitely helped keep people in better contact than ever before, but the in-person interaction has actually hadRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of Technology801 Words   |  4 Pages Our world has become an electronic playground. With the invention of new technology we have simplified and aided processes in countless fields. While electronic technology may be beneficial; it has some detrimental effects. Technology has had a massi ve, negative impact on our society: our children are learning differently, our social skills and ability to communicate are becoming compromised, and the invention of social media is becoming a leading cause to numerous mental health issues. TechnologyRead MoreIs Facebook Killing Our Souls?1588 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Social media allows people to connect with each other to create and share information. It is people-powered communication, an authentic dialogue motivated by a basic human desire to share information† (CIPD, Social Media and Employee Voice Report 2013). ‘Click’ and my message is on its way to my friend’s Facebook inbox hundred of miles away. The astonishing speed of how quick we can communicate in today’s societies, all thanks to social media. The invention of Facebook simplified everything we knowRead MoreDigital Technology And Social Media Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesMore recently than in years past, digital technology and so cial media have grown to become a part of our everyday lives. The recent rise in those who own smartphones allows this everyday use of digital technology and social networking to be easier than ever before. At any time and any place, we have the ability to â€Å"socialize† with nearly anyone—even celebrities who have no idea most of us even exist. 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The Human Society in the Present Times and Wealth

The human society in the present times has evolved in such a way that the search for wealth becomes the most important endeavor for many. Wealth in this statement pertains to the ability of a person to buy material possessions. As the search for acquiring wealth became the priority of people in a capitalist system, wherein most countries are economically situated- means to acquire wealth has become somehow the holy grail of the society. As the front-liner topic in business research, many studies are done in the field of entrepreneurship with substantial liking and support. Alongside the vast topic of entrepreneurship, one of the most regarded is the aspect of social entrepreneurship and the advances of this discipline. The discourse community in this industry is geared to see trends and analyze information from existing business systems. They create theoretical findings and deduce information that would be helpful in creating effective business structures. To give a holistic approach , three different articles from a journal were considered and used to see discourse in action in this field. The first article came from Saul Estrin and his associates, in which they tackle the different aspects of social entrepreneurship through the nations. What follows is the article, which was written by Eric Gedajlovic that establishes the importance of social capital in entrepreneurship. Lastly, the team of Dirk De Clercq wrote an article about social capital organized in internal knowledgeShow MoreRelatedRole Of Justice And The State Of The Athenian Statesman Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagescomes into focus. He is a man obsessively concerned with complex, interrelated social paradigms- authority, happiness, and prosperity, particularly as their manifestation in society conflicts with his own understanding of justice and morality. Solon’s diagnosis of Athenian society paints a bleak picture of a society founded upon . 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Counselling Model Free Essays

â€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients†. Word Count 2,508 During this essay I will present my findings as I view them. I am relatively new to counselling, this hinders my current experience and limits my opinions about therapy and what methodologies are more or less effective when offering therapy to clients. We will write a custom essay sample on Counselling Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, based on text book theories (only at this stage), I will present my findings about client centered therapy and incorporate a number of different methodologies that have assisted me to decipher the answer to this core question, and understanding how affective client centered therapy is as an approach. The research is informative and thought provoking. It certainly raises questions of how clients were viewed and treated in the past, right into the here and now. My task is to explore the above title, possibly uncovering a rather more complex theory than one may first assume. Initially I explored the world of psychotherapy to provide me with an insight and greater understanding on this subject, also identify the influences and changes that has occurred in a relatively short space of time in this developing area of psychology. As stated by Saunders (2002: pg 14). â€Å"From centuries-old ancient philosophies and cultures, through to current ideas in our own white European culture. A summary of the more recent landmarks would go back around 100 years to the work of Sigmund Freud†. Freud was a physician and the creator of many theories, primarily focussed on psychoanalysis. His work was from clinically derived experiences that were based on feedback from his patients during therapy. This gave birth to the ‘psychodynamic approach’ which stemmed from Freud’s collection of theories. Freud and his colleagues were psychologists who were treating their patients for depression or anxiety related disorders. Although shunned by the medical profession until later in his career, Freud continued to shape and mould psychology as it is recognised today. Highly influential and extremely passionate professional men introduced their approaches into delivering the different theories/techniques, all of which have influenced and set the tone for the philosophy of psychology today. Definition of psychology, this was derived from the Latin it’s described in two parts, 1. â€Å"Psyche† meaning: Breathe, Sprit, Soul. 2. â€Å"Ology† meaning: Study of the mind. (Modern Latin, (Oxford dictionary 2000: pg, 652). Psychology emerged from Biology and philosophy, today it is closely linked with other disciplines including sociology, medicine, linguistics and anthropology. My main focus for study is Carl Rogers’s 1902-1987 (Rogerian approach). Counselling has emerged into a sophisticated therapy, thanks to Rogers’s intention to move towards supporting the client with a non-judgemental, kind and empathetic approach. Rogers developed his theories and debated about the vital skills required when a therapist engages with the client. Rogers not only theorised on mental illness he was also highly influential when developing other areas of therapies which I will explain further on. Rogers was resolute in his beliefs that the client’s success was based purely on his six core elements all blended together for an effective outcome. As the founder of client centered therapy Rogers was passionate about his ideas. The methodology he used was from a humanistic view and his techniques have made a huge impact into a world of psychology and psychotherapy. In 1942 the term ‘Non-Directive Therapy’ was born but changed nine years later by Rogers who preferred to use the term Client Centered Therapy. Other leading psychotherapy approaches were introduced from Albert Ellis (1913-2007), an American psychologist who instigated the ‘Cognitive approach’ known as Rational Emotional Behaviour Therapy (REBT) that theorised that as people our thoughts control and depict our feelings it’s a directive therapy that is solution based. Whereas, Gerard Egan, founder of the ‘Integrative approaches’, claims to use whatever technique is appropriate according to the clients issues and is described as ‘middle of the road’ school of thought. From the beginning it was Rogers’s intention to provide a radical alternative to the then current â€Å"psychodynamic and behavioural† approaches. Psychotherapy was a vast unexplored area that was waiting for a new and different alternative which Rogers’s brought about. Psychiatrists are first and foremost medical practitioners who work from an established ‘Medical Model of Mental Illness’ Used by psychiatrists and mental health professionals to describe the full range of human psychological distress and disturbances. and according to Saunders ‘no more than a system of naming things (e. g. the term ‘neurosis’, [Literally meaning an infection of the nerves] is just a list of symptoms it actually explains nothing)†pg106. This was a long established method used when applying a treatment plan in which there was limited flexibility and had deep rooted entrenched guidelines. During the 1960’s Rogers began to use the principl es of his approach into other areas such as education, management, group work and resolving conflict. Many years ago all treatments/ therapies were all encased under one label ‘medical treatment’ and in the early years psychotherapy would only be carried out in a ‘clinical environment’ where people were classified as ‘patients’ that need treatment to cure their illness. Counselling on the other hand can be viewed as both medical and educational. Rogers had to use the term ‘counselling’ as a requirement enforced by the American medical profession. The term counselling is deemed suitable to use ‘if not causing medical disturbances but only deep issues in the mind’ (Saunders, (2002) pg107). Rogers conscientiously and gradually over time merged counselling/psychotherapy cohesively together. It is now virtually impossible to distinguish the differences between the two. The purpose of client centered therapy is to encourage the client to bring about their own self-awareness of their feelings. It is a nurturing process that functions without the counsellor/therapist suggesting or advising how to bring about change. It is not a solution based therapy. The therapist’s role when delivering this approach is to offer a safe and relaxed environment, where the atmosphere creates an aura of empathy, acceptance and no judgements. As stated by (Saunders 2006) â€Å"The unconditional positive regard element of this condition is not the same as ‘liking’ or ‘being nice to’ the client† pg 60. UPR is practised in client centered therapy no matter what the client chooses to disclose. This is achieved by the therapist reflecting and paraphrasing back to the client their inner feelings. The process will encourage positive feelings to facilitate in lifting the clients inner-self in this safe non-threatening environment. The aim is to encourage negativity to rise and bring about self-awareness for the client to explore their reasons for being in treatment. Carl Rogers assumed that all human beings, if given the right opportunity, are basically good and will strive towards goodness as their main goal. Secondly that the client’s experiences are unique only to themselves, and finally he felt that the client’s internal instincts would guide them into reaching their full potential resulting in self-actualization thus, creating self-healing as a ‘fully functioning individual’. Rogers states in his actualizing theory that â€Å"all human beings are drawn towards their natural tendency’, as we are more than just growth and survival†. Individuals need to understand their value and growth. All humanistic psychologists are focused on the person as a whole, where as the cognitive approach identifies ‘parts of the being’. Cognitive and behavioural approaches focus on irrational beliefs, effect feelings and are responsible for creating the behaviour. Rogers specified that we are instinctive ‘organismic’ individuals with the capacity of self-healing that involves psychological healing. Due to one’s self-doubt and an ingrained belief system (an instilled program since childhood) instils these self-defeating ideas into our psyche. Thus, creating a belief system of feeling scrutinized and judged. Person centered psychology is more interested in the clients own perception of their distress. We feel as individuals that our own beliefs are accurate and fail to recognize that these thought processes were planted by others (our primary carers and peers), through incidents and learnt behaviour. Client centered therapy is collaborative, it’s a guide to facilitate the client to seek out their own self-realization, which for some will be viewed as an advantage, it offers a free range approach to explore inner feelings, for both therapist and client. Client centered therapy encourages growth and its aim is in convert immaturity into maturity, this is vital for progress and healing. Rogers approach when implemented correctly should bring about activating the self-healing process he believes is found in each one of us as. Another well-known figure is Maslow who designed ‘A model’ shaped as a pyramid called the ‘Hierarchy of needs’ ‘Humanistic approach’ this is used in many areas of therapy including education and training in the work place. When Maslow’s basic core conditions are applied in a respectful, non-threatening manner they enable the client to direct the process of their phronesis (through their wisdom). Maslow’s theory consists of a five-step process, starting from the bottom and only raising to the next level by attaining that level of needs. Starting from a person’s basic physiological human need of survival require water, food and shelter. Stepping up again to the next level will accommodate the person’s requirement of personal safety and protection from danger and the emotional need for security. Raising again up to the third level it covers a person’s social needs that involve the need for acceptance by peers and friendship. Level four covers the need for self-respect and self-esteem. A person requires the emotional need for status and self-confidence, finally reaching the tip of the pyramid, is the need to reach and realise one’s own potential of self-actualisation. As stated in the chrysalis work book (module one: pg9), â€Å"Maslow believed that everyone is born with the potential to self-actualise and that, given a good environment, this can be achieved†. He classified this as reaching a ‘peak experience’ which can be experiencing joy and unimaginable happiness. Rogers stressed the importance of his â€Å"six key conditions being both â€Å"Necessary and Sufficient† for therapeutic change to take place† as quoted by Saunders, P. (2006:9). The therapist and client have to have a genuine relationship based on a two way psychological connection. Rogers felt that if the client felt the slightest hint that this was not the case the counselling would be flawed from the onset. The client feels vulnerable and anxious and views themselves as needing assistance. The therapist needs to be balanced and healthy minded about their own residing issues and have dealt with their own issues during their training. As Rogers’s states, it is vital that the therapist â€Å"can accurately be himself in the relationship†. A fundamental requirement of Client centered therapy specifies that the therapist actually feels a genuine regard towards the client. Rogers terms this as an ‘unconditional positive regard’ (UPR) an empathetic approach. The therapist needs to be authentic, transparent and a willingness to be open with self-disclosure. Rogers specifies that the client must be completely listened to without any interruption from the therapist, who should demonstrate that they have fully understood with a genuine regard to support the client. To support the number of approaches, Chrysalis designed ‘A Model’ (TIME) an acronym Temporal, Interventional, Multi- model, Empathy. This effective tool offers guidance when selecting an appropriate approach to be practiced accordingly with the formatted structure as a set of rules in which to be guided by. This is a profoundly simple tool that has been designed as a multi-model (it fits all). The TIME model’s function is to mix and match the client’s issue/s, personality and suitability by selecting the appropriate treatment plan. Temporal meaning time, Interventional involves using other holistic therapies to run alongside these approached , which may assist with the cognitive side of the person for example using hypnotherapy by communicating with the subconscious, where positive suggestions and affirmations may be placed to replace the negative beliefs that are blocking/hindering progress. The client may relax enough to allow their own phronesis (practical instinctive wisdom) to appear. Multi Model is combining or selecting the different approaches from a variety of therapeutic sources. Chrysalis encourages the therapist to explore all approaches and form a comprehensive treatment plan that is tailored to an individual. The last area to discuss is empathy, all therapy is empathetic, and it would be impossible to implement without it. As suggested in Saunders primer (2006) â€Å"†¦ being empathetic is to perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy, and with the emotional components and meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ pg 66. Empathy and communication is therefore essential. Disadvantages for some clients, if offering client centered therapy could be bring about discontentment, as it involves a long duration of time, (from the client’s perspective) they may not wish to attend numerous sessions, they may be unable to remain focused, affecting their motivation and stop attending. Client centered therapy may place too much pressure on the client if they themselves require direction and solutions to their predicament. Results are hard to gage thus, questioning its impact as a structured ystem. Client centered therapy may be seen as far too simple and the whole approach could be misunderstood thus, affecting its effectiveness. I like the feel of client centred therapy, for me it offers a kind, gentle and dignified treatment. The client may develop from this approach, however I can only surmise that as client centered therapy permits self-exploration, holistically healing the individual; it will not be s uitable for all clients, as the question suggests but it is certainly suitable for dealing with the here and now and promotes self development. These modern times have seen a shift in emphasis with the medical approaches. The public are open to embrace different holistic therapies. Today the opportunities for people to try out new ideas and concepts are more readily available than ever before. Psychotherapy and counselling has flourished into a general acceptance. Some General practitioners promote counselling as a way forward rather than the patients only being offered powerful invasive drugs viewed with caution and some considered as highly addictive and not addressing the root of the client’s issue/s. I am in no doubt that through time and as this course progresses my perspective will change for the better. I have already started to question how I converse with people on a one to one level. Questioning my ability to actually actively listen and observe my approach towards empathy being non-judgemental. Feedback in class and group work will further contribute to these interpersonal skills in order to become a competent therapist. How I can/will deal with total honesty towards a client, under whatever circumstances, regardless of the client’s issue/s are certainly challenging tasks ahead of me. I am looking forward to practising the models and theories available. I understand that not every model or approach is suitable to every client and experience will help in my development for the good of the client. I am appreciative and thrilled to be living in today’s times, where opportunity and options are the norm for the majority of people. Today as a culture we not only require change but we encourage progress in the holistic world of therapies. REFERENCES: Rogers, C. (1951). Client Centered Therapy. UK: Constable Robinson Ltd publisher. Sanders, P. (2002). First Steps in Counselling. A Students’ companion for basic introductory courses Third edition, UK: Ross-on-Wye, Saunders, P. Franklin, A. Wilkins, P. (2009). Next Steps in Counselling Practise. Second edition, UK: Ross-on-Wye, PCCS Books. Saunders, P (2006). The Person-Centered Counselling Primer. UK: Ross-on-Wye, PCCS Books. How to cite Counselling Model, Essay examples Counselling Model Free Essays â€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients†. Word Count 2,508 During this essay I will present my findings as I view them. I am relatively new to counselling, this hinders my current experience and limits my opinions about therapy and what methodologies are more or less effective when offering therapy to clients. We will write a custom essay sample on Counselling Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, based on text book theories (only at this stage), I will present my findings about client centered therapy and incorporate a number of different methodologies that have assisted me to decipher the answer to this core question, and understanding how affective client centered therapy is as an approach. The research is informative and thought provoking. It certainly raises questions of how clients were viewed and treated in the past, right into the here and now. My task is to explore the above title, possibly uncovering a rather more complex theory than one may first assume. Initially I explored the world of psychotherapy to provide me with an insight and greater understanding on this subject, also identify the influences and changes that has occurred in a relatively short space of time in this developing area of psychology. As stated by Saunders (2002: pg 14). â€Å"From centuries-old ancient philosophies and cultures, through to current ideas in our own white European culture. A summary of the more recent landmarks would go back around 100 years to the work of Sigmund Freud†. Freud was a physician and the creator of many theories, primarily focussed on psychoanalysis. His work was from clinically derived experiences that were based on feedback from his patients during therapy. This gave birth to the ‘psychodynamic approach’ which stemmed from Freud’s collection of theories. Freud and his colleagues were psychologists who were treating their patients for depression or anxiety related disorders. Although shunned by the medical profession until later in his career, Freud continued to shape and mould psychology as it is recognised today. Highly influential and extremely passionate professional men introduced their approaches into delivering the different theories/techniques, all of which have influenced and set the tone for the philosophy of psychology today. Definition of psychology, this was derived from the Latin it’s described in two parts, 1. â€Å"Psyche† meaning: Breathe, Sprit, Soul. 2. â€Å"Ology† meaning: Study of the mind. (Modern Latin, (Oxford dictionary 2000: pg, 652). Psychology emerged from Biology and philosophy, today it is closely linked with other disciplines including sociology, medicine, linguistics and anthropology. My main focus for study is Carl Rogers’s 1902-1987 (Rogerian approach). Counselling has emerged into a sophisticated therapy, thanks to Rogers’s intention to move towards supporting the client with a non-judgemental, kind and empathetic approach. Rogers developed his theories and debated about the vital skills required when a therapist engages with the client. Rogers not only theorised on mental illness he was also highly influential when developing other areas of therapies which I will explain further on. Rogers was resolute in his beliefs that the client’s success was based purely on his six core elements all blended together for an effective outcome. As the founder of client centered therapy Rogers was passionate about his ideas. The methodology he used was from a humanistic view and his techniques have made a huge impact into a world of psychology and psychotherapy. In 1942 the term ‘Non-Directive Therapy’ was born but changed nine years later by Rogers who preferred to use the term Client Centered Therapy. Other leading psychotherapy approaches were introduced from Albert Ellis (1913-2007), an American psychologist who instigated the ‘Cognitive approach’ known as Rational Emotional Behaviour Therapy (REBT) that theorised that as people our thoughts control and depict our feelings it’s a directive therapy that is solution based. Whereas, Gerard Egan, founder of the ‘Integrative approaches’, claims to use whatever technique is appropriate according to the clients issues and is described as ‘middle of the road’ school of thought. From the beginning it was Rogers’s intention to provide a radical alternative to the then current â€Å"psychodynamic and behavioural† approaches. Psychotherapy was a vast unexplored area that was waiting for a new and different alternative which Rogers’s brought about. Psychiatrists are first and foremost medical practitioners who work from an established ‘Medical Model of Mental Illness’ Used by psychiatrists and mental health professionals to describe the full range of human psychological distress and disturbances. and according to Saunders ‘no more than a system of naming things (e. g. the term ‘neurosis’, [Literally meaning an infection of the nerves] is just a list of symptoms it actually explains nothing)†pg106. This was a long established method used when applying a treatment plan in which there was limited flexibility and had deep rooted entrenched guidelines. During the 1960’s Rogers began to use the principl es of his approach into other areas such as education, management, group work and resolving conflict. Many years ago all treatments/ therapies were all encased under one label ‘medical treatment’ and in the early years psychotherapy would only be carried out in a ‘clinical environment’ where people were classified as ‘patients’ that need treatment to cure their illness. Counselling on the other hand can be viewed as both medical and educational. Rogers had to use the term ‘counselling’ as a requirement enforced by the American medical profession. The term counselling is deemed suitable to use ‘if not causing medical disturbances but only deep issues in the mind’ (Saunders, (2002) pg107). Rogers conscientiously and gradually over time merged counselling/psychotherapy cohesively together. It is now virtually impossible to distinguish the differences between the two. The purpose of client centered therapy is to encourage the client to bring about their own self-awareness of their feelings. It is a nurturing process that functions without the counsellor/therapist suggesting or advising how to bring about change. It is not a solution based therapy. The therapist’s role when delivering this approach is to offer a safe and relaxed environment, where the atmosphere creates an aura of empathy, acceptance and no judgements. As stated by (Saunders 2006) â€Å"The unconditional positive regard element of this condition is not the same as ‘liking’ or ‘being nice to’ the client† pg 60. UPR is practised in client centered therapy no matter what the client chooses to disclose. This is achieved by the therapist reflecting and paraphrasing back to the client their inner feelings. The process will encourage positive feelings to facilitate in lifting the clients inner-self in this safe non-threatening environment. The aim is to encourage negativity to rise and bring about self-awareness for the client to explore their reasons for being in treatment. Carl Rogers assumed that all human beings, if given the right opportunity, are basically good and will strive towards goodness as their main goal. Secondly that the client’s experiences are unique only to themselves, and finally he felt that the client’s internal instincts would guide them into reaching their full potential resulting in self-actualization thus, creating self-healing as a ‘fully functioning individual’. Rogers states in his actualizing theory that â€Å"all human beings are drawn towards their natural tendency’, as we are more than just growth and survival†. Individuals need to understand their value and growth. All humanistic psychologists are focused on the person as a whole, where as the cognitive approach identifies ‘parts of the being’. Cognitive and behavioural approaches focus on irrational beliefs, effect feelings and are responsible for creating the behaviour. Rogers specified that we are instinctive ‘organismic’ individuals with the capacity of self-healing that involves psychological healing. Due to one’s self-doubt and an ingrained belief system (an instilled program since childhood) instils these self-defeating ideas into our psyche. Thus, creating a belief system of feeling scrutinized and judged. Person centered psychology is more interested in the clients own perception of their distress. We feel as individuals that our own beliefs are accurate and fail to recognize that these thought processes were planted by others (our primary carers and peers), through incidents and learnt behaviour. Client centered therapy is collaborative, it’s a guide to facilitate the client to seek out their own self-realization, which for some will be viewed as an advantage, it offers a free range approach to explore inner feelings, for both therapist and client. Client centered therapy encourages growth and its aim is in convert immaturity into maturity, this is vital for progress and healing. Rogers approach when implemented correctly should bring about activating the self-healing process he believes is found in each one of us as. Another well-known figure is Maslow who designed ‘A model’ shaped as a pyramid called the ‘Hierarchy of needs’ ‘Humanistic approach’ this is used in many areas of therapy including education and training in the work place. When Maslow’s basic core conditions are applied in a respectful, non-threatening manner they enable the client to direct the process of their phronesis (through their wisdom). Maslow’s theory consists of a five-step process, starting from the bottom and only raising to the next level by attaining that level of needs. Starting from a person’s basic physiological human need of survival require water, food and shelter. Stepping up again to the next level will accommodate the person’s requirement of personal safety and protection from danger and the emotional need for security. Raising again up to the third level it covers a person’s social needs that involve the need for acceptance by peers and friendship. Level four covers the need for self-respect and self-esteem. A person requires the emotional need for status and self-confidence, finally reaching the tip of the pyramid, is the need to reach and realise one’s own potential of self-actualisation. As stated in the chrysalis work book (module one: pg9), â€Å"Maslow believed that everyone is born with the potential to self-actualise and that, given a good environment, this can be achieved†. He classified this as reaching a ‘peak experience’ which can be experiencing joy and unimaginable happiness. Rogers stressed the importance of his â€Å"six key conditions being both â€Å"Necessary and Sufficient† for therapeutic change to take place† as quoted by Saunders, P. (2006:9). The therapist and client have to have a genuine relationship based on a two way psychological connection. Rogers felt that if the client felt the slightest hint that this was not the case the counselling would be flawed from the onset. The client feels vulnerable and anxious and views themselves as needing assistance. The therapist needs to be balanced and healthy minded about their own residing issues and have dealt with their own issues during their training. As Rogers’s states, it is vital that the therapist â€Å"can accurately be himself in the relationship†. A fundamental requirement of Client centered therapy specifies that the therapist actually feels a genuine regard towards the client. Rogers terms this as an ‘unconditional positive regard’ (UPR) an empathetic approach. The therapist needs to be authentic, transparent and a willingness to be open with self-disclosure. Rogers specifies that the client must be completely listened to without any interruption from the therapist, who should demonstrate that they have fully understood with a genuine regard to support the client. To support the number of approaches, Chrysalis designed ‘A Model’ (TIME) an acronym Temporal, Interventional, Multi- model, Empathy. This effective tool offers guidance when selecting an appropriate approach to be practiced accordingly with the formatted structure as a set of rules in which to be guided by. This is a profoundly simple tool that has been designed as a multi-model (it fits all). The TIME model’s function is to mix and match the client’s issue/s, personality and suitability by selecting the appropriate treatment plan. Temporal meaning time, Interventional involves using other holistic therapies to run alongside these approached , which may assist with the cognitive side of the person for example using hypnotherapy by communicating with the subconscious, where positive suggestions and affirmations may be placed to replace the negative beliefs that are blocking/hindering progress. The client may relax enough to allow their own phronesis (practical instinctive wisdom) to appear. Multi Model is combining or selecting the different approaches from a variety of therapeutic sources. Chrysalis encourages the therapist to explore all approaches and form a comprehensive treatment plan that is tailored to an individual. The last area to discuss is empathy, all therapy is empathetic, and it would be impossible to implement without it. As suggested in Saunders primer (2006) â€Å"†¦ being empathetic is to perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy, and with the emotional components and meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ pg 66. Empathy and communication is therefore essential. Disadvantages for some clients, if offering client centered therapy could be bring about discontentment, as it involves a long duration of time, (from the client’s perspective) they may not wish to attend numerous sessions, they may be unable to remain focused, affecting their motivation and stop attending. Client centered therapy may place too much pressure on the client if they themselves require direction and solutions to their predicament. Results are hard to gage thus, questioning its impact as a structured ystem. Client centered therapy may be seen as far too simple and the whole approach could be misunderstood thus, affecting its effectiveness. I like the feel of client centred therapy, for me it offers a kind, gentle and dignified treatment. The client may develop from this approach, however I can only surmise that as client centered therapy permits self-exploration, holistically healing the individual; it will not be s uitable for all clients, as the question suggests but it is certainly suitable for dealing with the here and now and promotes self development. These modern times have seen a shift in emphasis with the medical approaches. The public are open to embrace different holistic therapies. Today the opportunities for people to try out new ideas and concepts are more readily available than ever before. Psychotherapy and counselling has flourished into a general acceptance. Some General practitioners promote counselling as a way forward rather than the patients only being offered powerful invasive drugs viewed with caution and some considered as highly addictive and not addressing the root of the client’s issue/s. I am in no doubt that through time and as this course progresses my perspective will change for the better. I have already started to question how I converse with people on a one to one level. Questioning my ability to actually actively listen and observe my approach towards empathy being non-judgemental. Feedback in class and group work will further contribute to these interpersonal skills in order to become a competent therapist. How I can/will deal with total honesty towards a client, under whatever circumstances, regardless of the client’s issue/s are certainly challenging tasks ahead of me. I am looking forward to practising the models and theories available. I understand that not every model or approach is suitable to every client and experience will help in my development for the good of the client. I am appreciative and thrilled to be living in today’s times, where opportunity and options are the norm for the majority of people. Today as a culture we not only require change but we encourage progress in the holistic world of therapies. REFERENCES: Rogers, C. (1951). Client Centered Therapy. UK: Constable Robinson Ltd publisher. Sanders, P. (2002). First Steps in Counselling. A Students’ companion for basic introductory courses Third edition, UK: Ross-on-Wye, Saunders, P. Franklin, A. Wilkins, P. (2009). Next Steps in Counselling Practise. Second edition, UK: Ross-on-Wye, PCCS Books. Saunders, P (2006). The Person-Centered Counselling Primer. UK: Ross-on-Wye, PCCS Books. How to cite Counselling Model, Papers