Strategic Management Culture of an Organisation

Question: 1. Produce a McKinsey 7-s framework analysis of Virgin Atlantic and explain how sure an approach to the organisation might assist in changing the organisation strategy. 2. Identify what comprises strategic capabilities in terms of organisation resources and competencies and apply the VRIN frame work to assess the capabilities in terms of providing a basis for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. 3.Outline and evaluate the present global corporate strategy through the Bowman's Strategy Clock 4. Potter 5 forces -Identify, analyse and give examples 5. With reference to Stakeholders Mapping: The Power/Interest Matrix, Identify and critically evaluate the impact of company's stakeholders on strategy development. Answer: Introduction Strategic management is the planning for both predictable as well as impracticable possibilities. The identification and description of the strategies that are carried by managers in order to achieve better performance as well as competitive advantage is termed as strategic management. An organization is said to have competitive advantage if profitability is more than average profitability for all companies belonging to the same industry. The bundle of decision and acts undertaken by the manager is also termed as strategic management. Strategic management is a permanent procedure that evaluates and controls the business in which the organization is involved. In other words, it evaluates the competitors and set objectives in order to meet potential competitors (Hill et al. 2013). Virgin Atlantic is a trade name of Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited that is a British airline. Virgin Atlantic mainly uses a mixed fleet of airbus as well as Boeing wide-body aircraft. In terms of passenger volume, Virgin Atlantic became the seventh largest UK airline for carrying more than 54 million passengers in the year 2012. Virgin Atlantic also holds a license that permits it to carry passengers, cargo as well as mail with more than 20 seats. The US and the UK authorities investigated suspected price fixing between Virgin Atlantic and British Airways over passenger fuel surcharges. The company is known to sell a 49 percent stake in the Singapore airline. In the year 2010, Virgin Atlantic had appointed Deutsche Bank in order to begin a planned review of choice for airline (ABUBAKAR 2016). McKinsey 7-s framework analysis Virgin Atlantic McKinsey 7-s framework illustrates how the seven elements of airline business are associated to augment the overall efficiency of the business. The elements are divided into hard and soft groups. The hard elements include strategy, structure and systems, whereas soft elements include shared values, staff, skills and style (Mitchell et al. 2015). Figure: McKinsey 7-s framework analysis (Source: Jurevicius 2013) Strategy Virgin Atlantic pursues the business strategy of service discrimination. The airline mainly differentiates its services through a wide-ranging dependence on digitization as well as information technology. The Virgin Atlantic airline also depends on a high level of customization of service provision. They also have the strategy to fly a profitable airline that customers love to fly. Their strategy is to improve the services of the customers to improve their business. The strategy is also to ensure that they provide the best business product in the air. The Virgin Atlantic team also needs to consider all the major stakeholders to monitor the ever-changing external environment while building future strategy. Effective strategic management is required in order to stave off failure. Virgin Atlantic has been able to execute an effective strategic management by understanding the airline industry properly and changing customer needs. Structure Virgin Atlantic was first painted with a Euro white design with a red stripe through the centre of the main deck windows. The business structure of Virgin Atlantic is hierarchical that in turn reflects the large size of the business (Malbai and Br i 2012). For example, Virgin Atlantic makes the use of mixed fleet of Airbus and Boeing aircraft with an average age of 9 years. Virgin became the first airline to function the Airbus A340-600. It also operates with a three-class cabin configuration: Economy, Premium Economy, and Upper Class. This has helped Virgin Atlantic an established business with an effective strategic management. Systems - Virgin Atlantic maintains an industry-specific system in which the company has introduced Google Glass Innovation. The travelers of Virgin Atlantic will be the first air passengers to experience the advantage of pioneering Google Glass technology. It also includes industry-specific system for example; it operates a number of offices and call centres all over the world, with a big office in Swansea, Wales that deals with reservations and sales, baggage claims. Staff The staffs are mainly customer-friendly with a positive attitude. They authentically enjoy helping the travelers and solving their queries. Style - Virgin Atlantic believes in flying in style as it was the first airline to offer personal entertainment for all passengers. For example, Virgin Atlantic provides preflight champagne that is known as the upper class dining. The Upper class features a seat that changes into a completely flat bed and access to chauffeur drive. These features are bound to attract the travelers. Skills - Virgin Atlantic is building on great skills as well as experience that occur in favor of the company. For example, the company had gained skills related to trading over the years that helped the company to gain profit. Shared Values The core part of the value of the business is the strong reputation and loyalty that is endangered by Virgin Atlantic airline limited. The strategy of the organization can be changed, as shared values will help to shape how the organization behaves. Shared values are what stimulate trust. Structure is that organizational chart that will help to divide the task equally among the employees. Strategy will help Virgin Atlantic airline limited to reach the identified goal. The cultural style of Virgin Atlantic airline limited will be defined with the help of style (Burns and Cowlishaw 2014). Application of VRIN framework on strategic capabilities of Virgin Atlantic VRIN framework is useful technique for the analysis of comparative advantage of the firm regarding resources. The VRIN analysis has four components, which are presented below. This framework critically analyses efficiency of firms in resource utilisation (Rothaermel 2015). Figure: VRIN framework (Source: Rothaermel 2015) VRIN analysis of Virgin Atlantic Resources Valuable Rare Inimitable Non substitutable Flight accommodation Yes No Yes Yes Use of cleaner fuel Yes yes Yes Yes In-flight alignment Yes No No No The customer Bill of Rights Yes No No No Valuable resource: In order to get competitive advantage in the market, the firm requires using resources of greater value in production. A resource is said to be valuable if it can provide the firm an opportunity to get sustainable competitive advantage in business. The value of resource utilised by Virgin Atlantic rises, if it can improve consumer perception. The valuable assets may be assets, information and knowledge, strategic capabilities of the firm. The valuable resources enhance the activity of the firm in the competitive market (Agarwal et al. 2012). Virgin Atlantic provides two different class systems to the passengers such as economy class and upper class. Differentiated service is a part of price discrimination strategy of the firm. The economy class is also divided between two categories such as premium economy and economy, which cover other coaches other than premium economy (Simo and Diaz 2012). Sustainability strategy of this firm includes carbon efficiency and new cleaner fuel to reduce wastage of resources. Strategic use of resources makes the resources of Virgin Atlantic valuable. As the value of resources tend to change overtime according to changing environment of business, the value of resources needs to be reviewed overtime (Peng 2013). For example, Virgin Atlantic carried 3.8 million travelers in the year 2003. This increased to 4.6 million in the year 2006. Virgin Atlantic also operated a compassionate aid charter flight to Islamabad, Pakistan, with 55 tonnes of aid for the people affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. This helped the company to gain opportunity to get sustainable competitive advantage in business. Virgin Atlantic had been successful in terms of flight accommodation and as a result, it was placed seventh largest UK airline in terms of accommodation. Rare resources Resources are considered rare very few firm in the market holds these. Use of rare resources gives competitive advantage to the firm. The leader firm in the industry has advantage of using rare resources. Use of rare resources gives short term competitive advantage in the market. As airline industry in UK is a competitive industry, there is medium threat of new entry. Air line companies operate in large scale with having economies of scale. The sunk cost of operation is huge in this industry (Lin et al. 2012). Therefore, without having economies of scale, new entrants cannot operate in the industry successfully. Huge finance is needed in the operation. Therefore, losing competitive advantage to the new entrants regarding rare resources is less likely. However, other existing firms follow the strategy of leader firm. Hence, when the rival firms come to know about the rare resources, they can use the same in the production process in order to gain the competitive advantage (Grant 2016) . Use of cleaner fuel is valuable as well as rare resource. Use of cleaner fuel is relatively costly. Therefore, it is not yet used widely. In future this may not be rare resources if the use of cleaner fuel becomes common in airlines. Hence, the firm has to identify new resources to get strategic advantage in the industry. For example, Virgin Atlantic volunteered a Boeing 747 for a test of bio fuels that was planned to reduce emissions of greenhouse gas. The reduction of emission was mainly carried out by cutting weight of aircraft as well as consumption of fuel. Virgin Atlantic also decided to use algae-based bio fuels in the future. This is the part of rare resources since there are very few airlines who will take the risk to make the use of algae-based bio fuels to reduce greenhouse emission. Inimitable and non-substitutable resources The resources are inimitable if the utilization of resources is costly for other organization. The imitation can be in two ways such as direct imitation or duplication and applying comparable resources. According to Kerzner (2013), resources can be costly to imitate if the resources have historical background of usage. If the firm uses a resource for a long time, it gains natural monopoly over the resources and can use the resource at low cost due to having economies of scale (Agha et al. 2012). New firm may not get the advantages. Moreover, if the resource is dependent on firms organizational cultural, resource becomes inimitable and non-substitutable. For example, Virgin Atlantic added Boeing 747 to start a route from Gatwick to Miami. The company also has an order for the Airbus A380-800, with delivery due in 2018. The company had decided to make use of A380-800 as become less efficient to run. With the help of this costly resource, Virgin Atlantic will be able to gain to competitive advantage. Bowman's Strategy Clock Low Price/ Low Value The Company will not prefer to compete in this category. This category is known as the bargain basement bin. Virgin Atlantic will not prefer to be in this position. This is a position in which the company feels the pressure to compete with its competitors. In this position, Virgin Atlantic will not be able to win the loyalty of the customers but they will be able to sustain themselves. Under this strategy, the products provided by Virgin Atlantic will not be of great quality, however the customers will be convinced enough to purchase the product (Radut 2015). For example, if Virgin Atlantic provides a low upper class features in that case the travelers will lose faith on the airline. 2. Low Price - Virgin Atlantic is not a low cost leader and as a result, the company will not be a part of this strategy. The companies under this category drive their prices down in order to bare minimum. However, Virgin Atlantic faced a challenge as with the falling fuel prices. With the falling fuel prices, the company faced a downward pressure on charges. As a result, in order to please the customers Virgin Atlantic needs to trigger price wars to benefit the customers. Figure: Bowman's Strategy Clock (Source: Anon, 2016) Hybrid - Virgin Atlantic is a part of hybrid as hybrid mainly deals with interesting companies. The companies offer products at a lower cost; however, the products are of higher professed value as compared to its customers. They offer great value as well as cargo products to their customers. Virgin Atlantic is very passionate about their customer service and provides the travelers with a choice of meal. The company also ensures that the travelers are provided with pre-requested meal (Shakhshir 2014). For example, Virgin Atlantic provides all the premium services at a reasonable cost so that they meet up to the expectation of the customers. Differentiation - Virgin Atlantic is also a part of differentiation as they provide the passengers with high-perceived value. In this case, the company will either increase the price or maintain themselves through higher marginal profit. Virgin Atlantic itself is a brand that helps the company to follow differentiation strategies. The airline is known for higher customer service and premium prices (Eyvrigh 2016). Focused Differentiation The focused differentiation mainly deals with the high quality services provided by Virgin Atlantic. The services that it provides are of high-perceived value. The travelers will be attracted towards the services depending on the perceived value. The spa and the luxury hotel services provided by Virgin Atlantic are of high-perceived value that is enough to charge large premiums. The travelers will pay for this service if they believe that they will be highly satisfied with the service. For example, Virgin Atlantic established a separate premium economy that included a separate check-in area as well as wider seat with more breathing space. Increased price / Standard Product Under this position, the companies generally increases the price without any increase in the value of products. When the prices are increased, the company starts earning profit (Carter 2013). For example, with the delivery of G-VRED, Virgin commenced a new design, with the fuselage painted in metallic silver and an amended tail fin, with red and purple features and the Virgin logo. High Price / Low value This position for the companies that operates under monopolistic market structure. However, Virgin Atlantic belongs to competitive market structure. The main competitors of Virgin Atlantic are American Airlines Group Inc, British Airways and Air France. Low value / Standard Price When a company follows this position, they are bound to lose market share. As a result, Virgin Atlantic will avoid this position so as hold its position in the market (Grigoletto 2016). Porters 5 forces Entry and Exit of barriers As far as aviation industry are concerned; entry and exit barriers are quite high. This is mainly because; Virgin Atlantic will not be able to exit the sector when they wish to as the regulators often persisting that they will fulfill the contractual compulsion towards the stakeholders. Beside this, Virgin Atlantic is also characterized by tight regulation. This indicates that a regulator needs to be content about the safety aspect in addition to the airworthiness and the economic stability of the carriers. Virgin Atlantic faces an external environment, as the entry barriers are formidable. As a result, it becomes difficult for the new entrants to entrench themselves (Anton 2015). Figure: Porters five forces (Source: Cgma.org, 2016) Industry Rivalry The airline industry is drenched with a number of carriers entering the market in search of profits. In the case of Virgin Atlantic, industry rivalry is very high. There is always a race to the bottom as growing carriers compete for a shrinking traveler tart leading to fare battle. Industry rivalry between airlines is leading to more consolidation and lack of profitability is driving airlines towards mega amalgamation. For example, British Airways (BA) had been the only airline from the United Kingdom serving long-haul routes to destinations in North America. Power of suppliers In the case of Virgin Atlantic, the suppliers are mainly the sellers who supplies carriers as well as makers of Airbus. The suppliers also include the individuals who make extra parts for the airline. The power of suppliers is low as there are a number of suppliers competing for business. The carriers like Virgin Atlantic will have a distinct advantage because if fuel becomes expensive there will be few buyers (Rothaermel 2016). Power of buyers The power of buyers is comparatively higher as airline industry is a buyers market. Virgin Atlantic is a low cost carrier. However, many airlines have successfully imitated the business model of Virgin Atlantic. In other words, the airlines are taking away travelers from Virgin Atlantic. The buyers are mainly spoilt for choice as they have a lot of choice to choose from. The choice includes purchasing online tickets and the removal of the mediator layer with the propagation of online booking straight from the airlines (Porter 2012). Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes is not very high in the case of Virgin Atlantic. This is mainly because the individual in the West mainly prefers to travel by air. Due to the ongoing recession, most of the airlines company shifted to teleconferencing in order to reduce the need to travel by air. The Power/Interest Matrix Stakeholders have significant impact on companys decision-making. Stakeholders are customers, suppliers of raw materials and shareholders. Stakeholders management plan includes several aspects such as identification of project, analysis, preparation of action plan etc. The power-interest matrix divides the stakeholders into four groups. There are some stakeholders in the company, who have high power and low interest (De Brucker et al. 2013). Figure: Power/Interest matrix (Source: Kerzner 2013) The firms needs to give priority to this kind of stakeholders and requires o meet their needs. Some stakeholders have high power and high interest on the company. They may be old suppliers or large shareholders, who are engaged with the business closely. The stakeholders, who have low power in companys decision-making, need to be informed about new project development. The stakeholders with low interest and low power in business are given minimum effort. They are less important for business. Therefore, the company has to give minimum effort to retain them in business. Stakeholders, who invest in business, need to know about the action plan of the business (Waligo et al. 2013). Expansion of business in new market requires preplanning. New investment requires finance, which is provided by the stakeholders. Hence, they have interest in business. For example, Virgin Atlantic considers all the key stakeholders to keep them happy. As a result, Virgin Atlantic needs to maintain the same level of success as well as effective strategic management. Conclusion It can be concluded that Virgin Atlantic is not a low cost leader and the power of buyers are comparatively higher as airline industry is a buyers market. Virgin Atlantic is very obsessive about their customer service and provides the explorers with a choice of meal. It has also been concluded that Virgin Atlantic provides preflight sparkling wine that is known as the upper class dining. The airport lounge is similar to that of lavishness hotel. Virgin Atlantic itself is a brand that helps the company to follow differentiation strategies. It has also been concluded that Virgin Atlantic provides two different class systems to the passengers such as economy class and upper class. Sustainability strategy of this firm includes carbon efficiency and new cleaner fuel to reduce wastage of resources. References Abubakar, s.g., 2016. Examining the culture of an organisation, its leadership styles, structure, diversity issues and conflicts: a case study of virgin atlantic, united kingdom.Development,4(2). Agarwal, R., Grassl, W. and Pahl, J., 2012. Meta-SWOT: introducing a new strategic planning tool.Journal of Business Strategy,33(2), pp.12-21. Agha, S., Alrubaiee, L. and Jamhour, M., 2012. Effect of core competence on competitive advantage and organizational performance.International Journal of Business and management,7(1), p.192. Anton, R., 2015. An Integrated Strategy Framework (ISF) for Combining Porter's 5-Forces, Diamond, PESTEL, and SWOT Analysis. Burns, P.M. and Cowlishaw, C., 2014. Climate change discourses: how UK airlines communicate their case to the public.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(5), pp.750-767. Carter, J., 2013. Marketing Plan Example: Virgin Atlantic Little Red. Cgma.org. 2016, Porters Five Forces of Competitive Position Analysis - CGMA. [online] Available at: https://www.cgma.org/Resources/Tools/essential-tools/Pages/porters-five-forces.aspx?TestCookiesEnabled=redirect [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. De Brucker, K., Macharis, C. and Verbeke, A., 2013. Multi-criteria analysis and the resolution of sustainable development dilemmas: A stakeholder management approach.European journal of operational research,224(1), pp.122-131. Eyvrigh, G.M., 2016. A REVIEW OF MARKETING STRATEGIES.Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,6(1), p.77. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Grigoletto, M., 2016. La strategia: da Porter a Bowman. Il caso della Singapore airlines. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Jurevicius, O. 2013., Conquer the Challenge of Expansion with McKinsey 7s. [online] Strategic Management Insight. Available at: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/mckinsey-7s-model-framework.html [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lin, C., Tsai, H.L., Wu, Y.J. and Kiang, M., 2012. A fuzzy quantitative VRIO-based framework for evaluating organizational activities.Management Decision,50(8), pp.1396-1411. Malbai, I. and Br i, R., 2012. Organizational values in managerial communication.Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues,17(2), pp.99-118. Mitchell, B.C., Fredendall, L.D. and Cantrell, R.S., 2015. Using McKinseys 7 S Model to Empirically Examine Organizational Effectiveness among the NBA Teams.International Journal of Management Human Resources,3(1). Peng, M.W., 2013.Global strategy. Cengage learning. Porter, M., 2012. Micheal Porter's 5 forces.University of National Economy. Javalgi, RRG, Martin, CL, and Young, RB (2006). Marketing research, market orientation and customer relationship management: a framework and implications for service providers. Journal of Services Marketing,20(1), pp.12-23. Radut, C., 2015. Strategies of change for the hotel industry. Porter, Kotler, Bowmann positions.Knowledge Horizons. Economics,7(4), p.79. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Rothaermel, F.T., 2016. Competitive Advantage in Technology Intensive Industries.Technological Innovation: Generating Economic Results (2nd Edition)(Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation amp,26, pp.233-256. Shakhshir, G., 2014. Positioning Strategies Development.The Annals Of The University Of Oradea,977, pp.416-437. Simo, J. and Diaz, P., 2013. An extended VRIO model as a framework for sustainable tourism planning: a review.Tourism as a Tool for Development,4, p.71. Waligo, V.M., Clarke, J. and Hawkins, R., 2013. Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework.Tourism Management,36, pp.342-353.

What is Ambition free essay sample

Ambition. Motivation. Aspiration. Passion. Lust. Craving. Zeal. Spirit. Vigor. I can keep defining synonyms for ambition for you, but honestly, its not worth it. Words cannot EXPLAIN what ambition is. It cannot make you UNDERSTAND. It cannot INSPIRE. So let me show you what it means. Ambition is suffering. Despair. It is falling into a hole that has no starting and no ending. A hole so wide it makes up the entire universe and becomes the only reality you know. In this hole, you are drowning. Drowning in self-pity and grief. Drowning because you are sinking because there are rocks tied to your limbs. There is no air. There is no light. There is only darkness. And in this darkness, you have to defeat your greatest enemyyourself. Yet, you will not win. You never win. The word victory is not even something you can understand. In this hole, you suffer. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Ambition? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When you are sinking and drowning in a world full of so much darkness, it is now, at your lowest point, that there will be a crackle, a bang, a roar of a flame coming to life. This ember is your guide. It is your child, that you have to nurse and grow. If you let it die, then so will you. Ambition is suffering and crawling out of that hole with every ounce of strength you can muster with only a little flicker of light to guide you. Ambition is a cage. An imprisonment. You are jailed in a world that is so utterly against you. The slightest wrong twitch can be your death. This cage is metal, frozen andinhumane. The steel bars are coated in dried blood, unbent and undamaged.The cage is small, cramped and short. In this cage, you have no room to stand, to breathe. You are given no luxuries because you arent considered human, an equal to those that caged you. You are an animal. Not a person. Your life is not worth it. You are a beast, a monster. In this cage, you are screaming, yelling. Your throat is raw and fading. Nobody hears you because nobody cares. In this cage, you are faced with your greatest obstaclebeing invisible. Ambition is being shoved into a caged, where you are forced to be to confined and withered away. Nobody will notice you or hear you. You are forgotten. Ambition is screaming your lungs out and bashing yourself against the cage until you break free. It is being stripped away of yourself, but st ill knowing who you are. Ambition isa sense of dignity when there is none to be had. Ambition is being tired. Exhausted. It is laying in bed and feeling so sleepy, you cant actually rest. Your bones are screaming in pain. Your muscles are tight and sore. Your brain is fuzzy and cloudy. Yet, you cannot sleep because going to sleep means that youll wake up. Wake up to repeat the same motions. Day in. Day out. Again and again. Living your life in loops. A cycle of endless motion. In this cycle, you do not rest. You do not get to sleep. You get nothing but the burden of exhaustion weighing you down and making you slow. You hate this infinite loop, and yet, you do not know how to stop it. You are doomed to relive the same cycle over and over. Day in. Day out. Again and again. In this loop, you are faced with your greatest weaknessgiving up. Ambition is picking up your worn down body and dragging yourself through the same motions, yet, with a sense of vigor as if you arent tired. Arent about to collapse to the ground. Ambition is pushing yourself to the point where you wi ll want to give up, to bow down in defeat, but you soldier on and break past that. Ambition is continuing even when your own body is willing you, shrieking at you to stop. Ambition is hatred. A rage. A sense of madness that drives you to a corner, where the hot licks of a fire will be biting at your heels and the sharp points of pitchforks will be stabbing into your flesh. Accusing eyes will follow you. Hurtful words will damage you. Disdainful faces will mock you. You are unworthy. You are disgusting. You are the filth upon the floor. Backs will be turned to you. Helping hands will be gone. Idols will be frauds. And you, will be the center of all anger. Anything and everything will be your fault. You will never be forgiven. In this hatred, you will be faced with your greatest revelationloving yourself. Ambition is being alone in a world where no one will help you and will only mock you. Ambition is being thrown into a world of anger and chaos, and not lowering yourself to their standards. Ambition is accepting who you are and not letting what the world says about you get to you. Ambition is dreaming. A reality. It is putting your heart onto a gold mantle and raising it above the sky and into the stars. Where it will float amongst the vast universe. It will not be bound down by people. It will not be tied down with lies. It will not be chained by â€Å"reality†.It is dreaming the impossible and laughing into peoples faces. It is spitting onto all that mock you. It is proving everyone wrong. It is seeing the world screaming out against you, but hearing only silence.It is removing your shackles and spreading your wings. In dreaming, you will be faced with your greatest feat.making it a reality. Ambition is dreaming a dream and waking up for it to come true, Ambition is making miracles become reality. Ambition is bursting past the limit of the sky and reaching to the stars. Ambition is not about them. It is not about her or him. It is not about they. It is about you. Yourself. The only person that makes you who you are. You are an individual. You are unique. You, alone, hold the greatest power in the entire world and that is to shape your destiny. I can throw out a million quotes to you, in hopes, that they inspire, but I wont. Why should I waste my breathe? I dont need to say anything when I already know that you are amazing. You are you and nobody else. Ambition is You.

A Sample Essay on Aliens Can Help You Get Higher Grades

A Sample Essay on Aliens Can Help You Get Higher GradesYou can have a nice customized sample essay on aliens. However, you need to know how to use your sample essay on aliens to get the results you are looking for. One way to use your sample is by choosing the background information on the subject that you want to talk about in your essay.First of all, you need to make sure that you find the information that you like. For example, if you are writing a paper about early astronauts, then you will want to read books about early astronauts or visit NASA to check out the history. Whatever you do, don't let yourself be drawn into guessing things. Have a professional to proofread your work and see if it meets their standards. Your work must meet a high standard before it can be used in a college essay.Once you have chosen the topic, you are ready to begin writing your essay. There are many ways to structure a well written essay. Make sure that the examples are written in chronological order , or at least as chronological as you can.Once you have found some different examples to go off of, be sure to write a paragraph describing one of the examples. Be sure to include what is being talked about, why it is important, how it fits in with the rest of the essay, and how it would be received by the reader. Be sure to give an example from each paragraph.Once you have finished writing your sample essay on aliens, you need to have it proofread by someone who has a high opinion of the student's ability to do the task. If you have worked hard enough to get a higher grade in school, you should be able to write a good essay on aliens.Even if you have already submitted the essay, you can still check to see if it has been accepted. Make sure that you have made any necessary changes to your sample. Make sure that the grammar and spelling are correct.In order to get high grades in school, you will need to have a lot of practice. Writing a great essay on aliens can be easy, but if you d on't practice, you might not be getting your work checked properly. Check out a sample essay on aliens and work on it to see if you can make it better.

Physics Lab Report Centripetal Force Essays

Physics Lab Report Centripetal Force Essays Physics Lab Report Centripetal Force Paper Physics Lab Report Centripetal Force Paper Sketching of the set-up Theory Centripetal force F is the net force causing the centripetal acceleration of an object performing uniform circular motion. Its magnitude is given by the equation: = Mrs.. When an object is whirled in horizontal circular motion in mid-air with a piece of string (as shown in figure 1 above), the centripetal force on the object is provided by the horizontal component of tension in the string: 2 =>2 (since r = L) Procedure 1 A triple beam balance is used to find the mass of the rubber bung, the screw nuts and the wire hook respectively. The total weight of the screw nuts and the wire hook provided the tension T in the nylon thread. 2 The centripetal force apparatus is set up (Figure 2). The paper marker is used to set the length L of the nylon string between the rubber bung and the glass tube to 0. 2 m. 3 Hold the glass tube vertically and whirl the rubber bung around in a horizontal circle. Increase the speed of the rubber bung gradually until the paper marker is just below the lower end of the glass tube (Figure 3). 4 The time of 50 revolutions of the rubber bung is measured and record the exults. Calculate the angular velocity w of the rubber bung and the tension T in the nylon string. 5 The steps 1, 2 and 3 is repeated for several times with different lengths L (0. Mm, 0. Mm and 0. Mm) of the nylon string. The results are recorded and the mean tension T in the nylon string is calculated. 6 Compare the mean tension (2) found in circular motion and the weight of screw nuts and wire hook (MGM). Explain their difference (if any) briefly. It the two values are close to each other, it could be concluded that the equation for centripetal force is verified. We have, By y = mix + c, slope of the graph plotted The experimental value of Tension = 41. 5 x 0. 0155 = 0. 644 N, where the theoretical value of Tension = 0. 653 N It is noted that the experimental value of is slightly lower than the theoretical one due to the several sources of error made in the experiment. Percentage error = (0. 653 x Sources of error: 1 . There is friction existing between the string and the glass tube, and there is air resistance. Thus, the motion of the circulation may be affected and the measurement of angular velocity might not be accurate. Secondly, constant speed or constant angular velocity of the rubber bung may not be maintained during the whirling. Thus, the measurement of angular velocity might not be accurate. 3. The radius of the circular motion and thus the length of nylon string L cannot be kept constant throughout the circular motion because there may be a variance of the force applied to keep the paper marker on the level of glass tube. Thus, t he string and paper marker may move up and down and the accuracy of the tension T may be affected. 4. The stopwatch is controlled by human hands. Thus, the reaction time of human brain (around 0. As) may lead to inaccuracy and affect the measurement of time taken and hence the accuracy of angular velocity is affected. 5. There may be miscounting in the number of circulations, because the time for 50 revolutions is quite long and students may be distracted. The accuracy of the experimental results can be improved by the following suggestions: 1. The experiment was carried out with the range of L 0. Mm, 0. Mm, 0. Mm, 0. Mm. Further experiments can be carried out beyond this range to increase the accuracy.

The Long History of Perfume

The Long History of Perfume Perfume is thousands of years old, with evidence of the first perfumes dating back to Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and Cyprus. The English word perfume comes from the Latin per fume, meaning through smoke. History of Perfume Around the World The Ancient Egyptians were the first to incorporate perfume into their culture, followed by the ancient Chinese, Hindus, Israelites, Carthaginians, Arabs, Greeks, and Romans.   The oldest perfumes ever found were discovered by archeologists in Cyprus. They were more than four thousand years old. A cuneiform tablet from Mesopotamia, dating back more than three thousand years, identifies a woman named Tapputi as the first recorded perfume maker. But perfumes could also be found in India at the time. The earliest use of perfume bottles is Egyptian and dates to around 1000 BCE. The Egyptians invented glass and perfume bottles were one of the first common uses for glass. Persian and Arab chemists helped codify the production of perfume and its use spread throughout the world of classical antiquity. The rise of Christianity, however, saw a decline in the use of perfume for much of the Dark Ages. It was the Muslim world that kept the traditions of perfume alive during this time- and helped trigger its revival with the onset of international trade. The 16th century saw the popularity of perfume explode in France, especially among the upper classes and nobles. With help from â€Å"the perfume court,† the court of Louis XV, everything got perfumed: Furniture, gloves, and other clothing.   The 18th-century invention of eau de cologne helped the perfume industry continue to grow.   Uses of Perfume One of the oldest uses of perfume comes from the burning of incense and aromatic herbs for religious services, often the aromatic gums, frankincense and myrrh gathered from trees.  It did not take long, though, for people to discover perfume’s romantic potential and it was used both for seduction and as preparation for love-making. With the arrival of eau de cologne, 18th-century France began using perfume for a broad range of purposes. They used it in their bath water, in poultices and enemas, and consumed it in wine or drizzled on a sugar lump. Although niche perfume makers remain to cater to the very rich, perfumes today enjoy widespread use- and not just among women. The selling of perfume, however, is no longer just the purview of perfume makers. In the 20th century, clothing designers began marketing their own lines of scents, and almost any celebrity with a lifestyle brand can be found hawking a perfume with their name (if not smell) on it.

The conduct of modern business will improve if more high level jobs Essay

The conduct of modern business will improve if more high level jobs are gven to women - Essay Example ore gender equal work environment, it is still the case that it is the men who are dominating the workplace, in particular, the higher level positions. Nonetheless, women’s capacity in the workplace should not be overlooked because they can do the same as men in the conduct of business. In fact, women have showed their competitiveness in the field of business (Lowrey, 2006; Evans, 2008). In this regard, this paper shall delve on establishing why the presence of women in high level jobs improves the conduct of modern business. According to Lowrey (2006), there are more women than men participating in the labor force of professional occupations including professional, financial, management and business professions. Nonetheless, even if this is the case, gender inequality remains in this male-dominated society in which we live. The reality is that more men occupy the top management positions in companies than women (Desvaux, Devillard-Hollinger, & Baumgarten, 2007; Desvaux, Devillard, & Sancier-Sultan, 2010). Even if it is the case that the number of female graduates from the university has increased, still it would not close the gender gap in the management functions (Desvaux et al., 2007). Competence is not an issue because women can do the same as men in the field of business. As a matter of fact, success in business is not a concern if it is the women who handle it. If high proportion of women occupy the top management positions in companies, the conduct of modern business may perform even better (Desvaux et al., 2007; Desvaux et al., 2010). Desvaux et al. (2007) and Desvaux et al. (2010) found out in their studies that the presence of women positively affects the excellent performance of organizations. The companies with more women representing the top management levels are observed to be the businesses which have better performance at the financial level. The companies which perform at their best are those who are most strongly represented by women at the

Structural Fesign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Structural Fesign - Essay Example Structural engineers are thus very important in the construction supply chain. Structural design encompasses the design of the support structure, selection of materials, computation of the member size, evaluation of the effect of the environment on the structural elements, selection of the member types and lastly the configuration of the structure in the most effective, affordable, safe and serviceable manner (Heyman, 1999). The structural designer must work according to the building standardization codes. He may have several designs of which he selects the most affective and affordable design. The design selected must not fail. To ensure proper functionality especially in the factories, the beams must not sag as this may lead to improper functioning or derailing of the cranes. Failure of the structural members results in machines drive shaft fail, machine table misalignment and burning of the bearing due to warbling. Simply supported beams; there are supported vertically at two points. One point is fixed permanently while at the other point, an allowance is given to enable the beam to move horizontally due to expansion (Hosford, 2005). Hollow section: there are several hollow sections that are used in structural design. ... Continuous supported beams; supported at several points. There are several types of beams; these include; Universal beams; they are I shaped beams and are effective as supporting structures, they don't fail easily, they are also referred to as H section beams. Angle sections; they are 'L' shaped are mainly used for roofing where struts and ties are required to make trusses. T-sections; these are structural members that have a 'T' shape. Hollow section: there are several hollow sections that are used in structural design. These include; rectangular hollow section that have a rectangular shape, round hollow section that have a round tubular cross-section and shape, Square sections which have a square cross-section and elliptical cross-section which have an ellipse shape but are hollow inside. Trusses; they are mainly used for roofing; there are sometimes preferred in that they may span for long distances without sagging or deflecting. There are very versatile and can be redesigned easily to add more struts and ties to accommodate greater loads or span longer distances. Bars and rods; bars are rectangular while rods are circular; the are solid unlike the hollow section. Plates. Plates are metallic sheets with a thickness greater than 6mm. Concrete; One of the most widely used structural materials. It is cheap and last long as compared to all the other materials. Concrete comprise of a mix of sand, cement and aggregate in different proportions. The strength of concrete depends on the mixing ratios. Ratios with more sand and cement have greater strength and are used in industrial constructions. Nearly all concrete mixes are reinforced with steel bars. The inherent advantages of reinforcing concrete are; The composite structure resulting from the mix is more